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Showing posts with label 食物安全. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 食物安全. Show all posts

Wednesday, October 1, 2008

化学专家质疑奶农在原奶中掺入三聚氰胺说法Chemical experts questioned the dairy milk in the original statement of melamine mixing

化学专家质疑奶农在原奶中掺入三聚氰胺说法

http://www.sina.com.cn 2008年09月13日04:04 大洋网-广州日报

  本报讯 “肾结石婴儿”事件曝光后,三鹿集团称“不法奶农向鲜牛奶中掺入了三聚氰胺”。9月12日中午,有化学专家和业内人士表示,此说法存在较多疑点。

  业内人士认为,从常理判断,奶粉中出现三聚氰胺,无非存在三种可能性:一是奶牛吃了含三聚氰胺的饲料,传导至鲜牛奶中;二是由原料中加入,即三聚氰胺掺入鲜牛奶或奶粉的其他辅料中;三是在生产环节中加入。

  第一种可能性被受访各方排除,因为奶牛吃了此类饲料,要么不消化而在体内累积,进而伤害其自身;要么消化后排泄,不可能以原封不动的化学形式进入鲜牛奶。

  其次,包括三鹿集团厂方说法的第二可能性也存在不少疑点。

  三聚氰胺是一种“白色单斜晶体”,“无味”,“微溶于水”,即鲜牛奶能溶解的三聚氰胺十分有限。

  业内人士认为,不同于固态饲料,鲜牛奶是奶牛乳汁,其中蛋白质、水、脂肪的比例应当是一定的,一般只会因气候、饲料的变化发生季节性波动。一旦加入三聚氰胺,其蛋白质含量就会大增,进而与水、脂肪的比例就会异常,这很容易发现。

  目前在中国,即使生产饲料,正规厂家一般都会对每批原料进行蛋白质含量、水含量和灰份(烧干后测试残留物)检测,必要时加脂肪检测。以目前技术手段,假如加入三聚氰胺引起鲜奶营养比不正常,并不难检测出来。

  此外,假使该物质确实有办法掺入鲜牛奶,但其营养比显然会发生较大变化,三鹿集团为何未发现?据分析,要想让加入三聚氰胺后的鲜牛奶营养比协调,一般还需再向鲜奶中加水和脂肪。但一般的脂肪产品很难加入,必须加专业匀质脂肪。此类手法非一般奶农所能掌握。

  对于在生产环节加入三聚氰胺的可能性,业内人士认为现在尚没有充分证据。(财经)

  专家建议 配方奶粉无完美 一月一换最均衡

  经常更换奶粉孩子长大后不容易偏食 小儿补钙太多也可导致肾结石

  文/记者涂端玉 通讯员梅枚、刘东红

  “很多家长问如何选购安全、优质的奶粉,甚至不少人不信任国产奶粉,纷纷转道网络代购、或去香港购买,这次问题奶粉事件爆发,会再次引起年轻父母大讨论。”就三鹿问题奶粉导致肾结石婴儿事件,记者详细采访了儿科专家、中山大学附属第二医院儿童神经内分泌专科主任罗向阳教授,他指出:任何奶粉配方均有偏颇和不足,世界上没有完美奶粉,建议经常更换最为安全。

  并非国产奶粉就质量没有保证

  针对三鹿奶粉的事情,罗向阳教授指出,不少人攻击国产奶粉,其实并非国产奶粉的质量没有保证,进口奶粉就绝对好。对于婴幼儿配方奶粉中的蛋白质含量,美国的标准比中国低一些。此外,对奶粉中某些微量元素,美国标准只设下限,上不封顶;而中国婴幼儿食品行业的国家标准有较严格的上下限。所以“标准有区别,并不代表品质有差异。”罗向阳教授说。

  作为一名儿科医生,罗向阳教授建议,家长应经常给孩子换奶粉,最好一个月换一次。“绝大部分家长和宝宝都长期依赖某一固定品牌奶粉,其实这样并不科学。”

  他指出,频繁更换奶粉有两方面好处:首先,无论哪种牌子的奶粉,营养素都不可能完全均衡,总会偏向某样多一点,各自拥有不同的配方比例。“就像成人想要达到均衡饮食,也应该有时吃米有时吃面一样,更换奶粉,也可以让婴儿营养更全面。”其次,喂养奶粉其实也可以训练儿童心理,经常更换奶粉,是对婴儿规律饮食习惯的培养,这样,孩子长大后不容易偏食,而“锁定”非某奶粉不喝的宝宝更可能有偏食习惯。

  专家呼吁正规渠道买奶粉

  此外,专家还表示,相对于正常销售渠道,不少年轻父母青睐“港版”奶粉,通常会从网上购买或托人代购,但这种做法存在一定风险,因为网上卖家通常都是通过私人渠道代购商品,无法提供我国入境检验检疫合格证,卫生质量和安全性无从保证。而且一旦发生质量问题,消费者也难以向生产厂家索赔。

  罗向阳教授提醒,建议从正规超市、婴幼儿专卖店等正规渠道进购奶粉,这样相对安全、质量有保障。“毕竟奶粉不是一般商品,对婴幼儿身体健康起着至关重要影响,网络渠道不太让人放心。”

  婴儿暂时不宜外科手术

  罗向阳教授告诉记者:“肾结石发生在小儿身上确实非常罕见,如果真的发现了婴儿患肾结石,暂时不宜外科手术,应继续仔细观察宝宝情况,如果不再形成新的结石、不干扰其排尿,就不会产生远期影响。”

  而根据卫生部12日发布的诊疗方案,如诊断为结石,首先要立即停用该奶粉,采用内科保守治疗、合并急性肾衰竭的治疗、外科治疗等。

  预防:多喝水多吃碱性食物

  罗向阳教授提醒广大家长,其实不止是问题奶粉可致结石,补钙太多也可导致,家长平时应适当预防孩子肾结石的发生。

  “可以给宝宝多喝水、多吃偏碱性食物如蔬菜、水果等,这些对预防结石形成有很大好处。”他说。除此,给宝宝补钙也要适量,一岁以前的宝宝一天不能补充超过500毫克的钙。


Chemical experts questioned the dairy milk in the original statement of melamine mixing http://www.sina.com.cn 2008 on 09 years on 13 Dayang Wang 04:04 - Guangzhou Daily
A "baby kidney stones," the incident came to light, San Lu Group, said "illegal in fresh milk to the dairy farmers have been blended with melamine." Sept. 12 at noon, and chemical industry experts said that there is more doubtful claims.

The industry believes that judging from common sense, the formula appeared in melamine, there is no more than three possibilities: First, the cows ate feed containing melamine, to the conduction of fresh milk; Second, by the addition of raw materials, melamine that is blended with fresh cow Milk or milk powder and other materials in; The third is in production to add.

The first possibility was ruled out all the respondents, such as cows ate feed, or indigestion and accumulated in the body, which hurt its own; digested or excreted, it is not possible to the intact form of the chemical into the fresh cow Milk.

Second, San Lu Group, including the factory said the second possibility there is a lot of doubt.

Melamine is a kind of "white monoclinic crystal," "tasteless" and "micro-soluble in water", that is, fresh milk to dissolve the melamine is very limited.

The industry believes that different from the solid feed, fresh milk is milk cows, protein, water, the ratio of fat should be certain, only because of the general climate, feed the change to seasonal fluctuations. Once adding melamine, and its protein content will increase, and with water, it will Abnormal fat ratio, which is very easy to find.

Currently in China, even if the production of feed, usually on the regular factory for the protein content of each batch of raw materials, water and ash content (after Shaogan residue test) testing and, if necessary, to increase detection of fat. The current technological means, if melamine rise to fresh milk by adding nutrients than normal, it is not difficult to detect.

In addition, if the material means to do incorporation of fresh milk, but it is clear that nutrition than large changes occur, why not find San Lu Group? According to the analysis, want to join the melamine after the nutrition of fresh milk than the coordination needed to revert to the general increase in water and milk fat. But in general it is difficult to join the fat products, we must increase the professional quality of fat absorption. Such practices can have non-dairy farmers in general.

In the production by adding the possibility of melamine, that the industry did not yet have sufficient evidence. (Finance)

Experts recommended no perfect formula for one of the most balanced in January

Regular milk to replace the children grow up is not easy to partial children too much calcium can lead to kidney stones

/ Reporter and correspondent Mei-yu Tu-end pieces, Hung Liu

"A lot of parents asking how to buy safe, high-quality milk powder, and even many of no confidence in the domestic milk powder, have been diverted purchasing network, or to the purchase of Hong Kong, the issue of milk powder incident, the young parents will once again rise to great debate." San Lu on the issue of infant formula lead to kidney stones, pediatric correspondents interviewed in detail, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University neuroendocrine child specialist Professor Luo Xiangyang, director, he pointed out: any formula milk powder are biased and inadequate, the world's not perfect formula , Proposed the replacement of the most frequent security.

Is not on the quality of domestic milk powder is no guarantee

Sanlu milk powder for the things that Professor Luo Xiangyang, a lot of people to attack domestic milk powder is not the quality of domestic milk powder is no guarantee on imports of powdered milk is good. The infant milk formula in the protein content and the United States is lower in China than the standard. In addition, the formula of certain trace elements in the United States only minimum standards, not on the ceiling; China and the infant food industry, national standards are more stringent upper and lower limits. Therefore, "there are differences between the standards does not mean that there are differences in quality." Said Professor Luo Xiangyang.

As a pediatrician, Professor Luo Xiangyang suggested that parents should give regular milk for the children, the best time for a month. "Most of the parents and baby are dependent on a long-term fixed-brand milk powder, in fact, this is not science."

He pointed out that the frequent replacement of the benefits of milk powder is two-fold: First of all, no matter what brand of milk powder, nutrients can not be totally balanced, there will always tend to kind of a little more, each has a different formula of the ratio. "It's like adults want to achieve a balanced diet should eat some rice noodles in some cases, replacement of milk powder, infant nutrition, this will allow a more comprehensive." Second, the formula feeding could have psychological training of children, often to replace milk, is a baby The law of the eating habits of the training, so that children grow up a particular kind of food is not easy, and "locking" of a baby milk do not drink are more likely to have a particular kind of food habits.

Experts Call for formal channels to buy milk powder

In addition, the experts said, compared with the normal distribution channels, many young parents favor the "Hong Kong version of" milk powder, usually from the Internet to buy or Trustee of the purchase, but this practice has some risk because the seller usually through on-line Private channels purchasing goods, can not provide our entry inspection and quarantine certificate, the quality of health and safety is by no means guaranteed. And that in the event of a quality that consumers can not claim to the manufacturer.

Professor Luo Xiangyang reminded that the formal proposal from the supermarket, infants and young children, and other formal channels into the store to buy milk, so the relative safety, quality guaranteed. "After all, milk is not an ordinary commodity, on the health of infants and young children play a crucial impact on network channels not very reassuring."

It is not suitable for infant surgery

Professor Luo Xiangyang, told reporters: "The occurrence of kidney stones in children who are very rare indeed, if the baby was found suffering from kidney stones, it is not suitable for surgery, should continue to examine the baby, if not the formation of the new calculus, do not interfere with their Urination, it would not have a long-term impact. "

According to the Ministry of Health issued by the 12 clinics, such as stone for the diagnosis, we should first stop using the milk, using a conservative medical treatment, the treatment of acute renal failure, surgical treatment, and so on.

Prevention: drink plenty of water eat basic food

Professor Luo Xiangyang remind the majority of parents, in fact, the problem is more than can be addressed to the stone powder, too much calcium can lead to, usually the parents should be to prevent the occurrence of kidney stones children.

"Baby can drink plenty of water, eat more alkaline food such as vegetables, fruits, etc., on these stones to prevent the formation of a great advantage." He said. In addition, calcium also appropriate to the baby, a day before the age of the baby can not add more than 500 milligrams of calcium.



三聚氰胺是怎么加到牛奶中的how melamine is added to milk in the

方舟子:三聚氰胺是怎么加到牛奶中的

许多人喝牛奶是为了补钙,不过你如果留心一下国内鲜牛奶包装上的标注,一般没有列出钙的含量,标明的营养成分含量只有两种:脂肪和蛋白质。鲜牛奶有全脂、低脂、脱脂之分,其脂肪含量各不相同,而且在脂肪被视为健康杀手的今天,一般人不会在乎脂肪含量是否达标。蛋白质才是牛奶中的主要营养成分,鲜牛奶包装上都会注着蛋白质含量为100毫升≥2.9克,以表明符合鲜牛奶的国家标准(100毫升≥2.95克)。
生鲜牛奶的蛋白质含量一般在3%以上,所以一般都能达到国家标准,除非往原奶中兑水。要提防有人拿水卖出奶的价钱,就有必要在收购生鲜牛奶时检测蛋白质的含量。根据蛋白质的化学性质,有几种检测方法,各有优缺点。食品工业上普遍采用的、被定为国家标准的是凯氏定氮法。这是19世纪后期丹麦人约翰·凯达尔发明的方法,原理很简单:蛋白质含有氮元素,用强酸处理样品,让蛋白质中的氮元素释放出来,测定氮的含量,就可以算出蛋白质的含量。牛奶蛋白质的含氮率约16%,根据国家标准,把测出的氮含量乘以6.38,就是蛋白质含量。
所以凯氏定氮法实际上测的不是蛋白质含量,而是通过测氮含量来推算蛋白质含量,显然,如果样品中还有其他化合物含有氮,这个方法就不准确了。在通常情况下,这不是个问题,因为食物中的主要成分只有蛋白质含有氮,其他主要成分(碳水化合物、脂肪)都不含氮,因此凯氏定氮法是一种很准确的测定蛋白质含量的方法。但是如果有人往样品中偷加含氮的其他物质,就可以骗过凯氏定氮法获得虚假的蛋白质高含量,用兑水牛奶冒充原奶。
常用的一种冒充蛋白质的含氮物质是尿素。不过尿素的含氮量不是很高(46.6%),溶解在水中会发出刺鼻的氨味,容易被觉察,而且用一种简单的检测方法(格里斯试剂法)就可以查出牛奶中是否加了尿素。所以后来造假者就改用三聚氰胺了。三聚氰胺含氮量高达66.6%(含氮量越高意味着能冒充越多的蛋白质),白色无味,没有简单的检测方法(要采用“高性能液体色谱”这种高科技去检测),是理想的蛋白质冒充物。三聚氰胺是一种重要的化工原料,广泛用于生产合成树脂、塑料、涂料等,目前的价格大约是1吨12000元。在生产三聚氰胺过程中,会出现废渣,废渣中还含有70%的三聚氰胺。造假者用来冒充蛋白质的就是三聚氰胺渣,有些“生物技术公司”在网上推销“蛋白精”,其实就是三聚氰胺渣。在饲料、奶制品中添加“蛋白精”冒充蛋白质。
三聚氰胺是怎么加到牛奶中的呢?有两种可能途径。一种是奶站加到原奶中。这样做有一定的局限,因为三聚氰胺微溶于水,常温下溶解度为3.1克/升。也就是说,100毫升水可以溶解0.31克三聚氰胺,含氮0.2克,相当于1.27克蛋白质,由此可以算出,要达到100毫升≥2.95克蛋白质的要求,100毫升牛奶最多只能兑75毫升水(并加入0.54克三聚氰胺)。另一种途径是在奶粉制造过程中加入三聚氰胺,这就不受溶解度限制了,想加多少都可以。
三聚氰胺之所以被不法之徒当成“蛋白精”来用,可能是因为觉得它毒性很低,吃不死人。大鼠口服三聚氰胺,半致死量(毒理学常用指标,指能导致一半的实验对象死亡)大约为每千克体重3克,和食盐相当。大剂量喂食大鼠、兔、狗也未观察到明显的中毒现象。三聚氰胺进入体内后似乎不能被代谢,而是从尿液中原样排出,但是,动物实验也表明,长期喂食三聚氰胺能出现以三聚氰胺为主要成分的肾结石、膀胱结石。我们无法拿人体做试验,而即使患肾结石的人曾经服用过偷加了三聚氰胺的食物,也很难确定三聚氰胺就是罪魁祸首,除非患者的食物来源很单一,例如只吃配方奶粉的婴儿——没想到还真有人敢拿婴儿来做试验证明了它能吃死人!
有人认为既然蛋白质检测法的缺陷导致了致命的造假,还不如干脆取消蛋白质检测,默许牛奶兑水得了。其实凯氏定氮法的缺陷并不难弥补,只要多一道步骤即可:先用三氯乙酸处理样品。三氯乙酸能让蛋白质形成沉淀,过滤后,分别测定沉淀和滤液中的氮含量,就可以知道蛋白质的真正含量和冒充蛋白质的氮含量。这是生物化学的常识,也早成为检测牛奶氮含量的国际标准(ISO 8968)。“蛋白精”骗局在国内出现已有一些年头,“三鹿奶粉”事件不过是把这一“行业秘密”摆在了公众面前。只有改进国家标准,堵住漏洞,才能挽回人们对国产乳业的信心。
(原题为《“蛋白精”的骗局》 2008-09-17)

Fang: how melamine is added to milk in the

Many people drink milk for calcium, but if you look carefully to the domestic fresh milk packaging on the mark, generally do not list the calcium content, indicating the nutritional content of the content, there are only two: fat and protein. A fresh full-fat milk, low-fat, skim it, the fat content varied, but also in fat is considered healthy today, the killer, most people will not care about whether the fat content standards. Milk protein is the main nutrients, fresh milk packaging will be injected with the protein content of 100 ml for ≥ 2.9 grams of fresh milk in order to show that in line with the national standard (100 ml ≥ 2.95 grams).

Fresh milk protein content in general more than 3%, so in general to achieve the national standard, unless the original milk to Duishui. Thinner should be alert when the price of milk sold, there is a need to detect when to buy fresh milk protein content. According to the chemical properties of the protein, there are several methods of detection, each with advantages and disadvantages. On the food industry generally adopted as the national standard by the Kjeldahl method. This is the late 19th century Denmark John Dahl who invented the method, the principle is simple: contain protein nitrogen, with strong acid sample handling, so that the protein nitrogen released, the determination of nitrogen content, you can calculate the protein content. Milk protein nitrogen rate of about 16 percent, according to national standards, to measure the nitrogen content of 6.38 times, that is, the protein content.

So Kjeldahl method is not actually measured the protein content, but by measuring the content of nitrogen to project protein content, it is clear that if there are other samples contain nitrogen compounds, this approach is not accurate. Under normal circumstances, this is not a problem because food proteins contain only the major components of nitrogen and other major components (carbohydrates, fats) are not nitrogen, the Kjeldahl method is a very accurate determination of protein content . However, if someone stole samples to add nitrogen and other substances, can deceive Kjeldahl method to obtain a false high protein content, milk Duishui posing as the original milk.

Posing as a common protein material is urea nitrogen. However, the urea nitrogen content is not very high (46.6%), dissolved in water will be issued by the sharp An Wei, easy to detect, and a simple method of testing (Tigris reagent) can be found in milk Does the addition of urea. So are false later on the use of melamine. Melamine nitrogen content as high as 66.6 percent (the higher the nitrogen content means pretending to be able to more protein), white and tasteless, there is no simple method of testing (to a "high-performance liquid chromatography" to such a high-tech detection), Posing as an ideal protein structures. Melamine is an important chemical material widely used in the production of synthetic resins, plastics, paint and so on, the current price of about 1 metric ton of 12,000 yuan. Melamine production process, there will be waste, the waste contains 70% of melamine. Those who used false impersonation of the protein is melamine residue, some of the "biotechnology company" in the online marketing of "precision protein" is actually one of the melamine residue. In the feed, dairy products added to the "protein fine," posing as protein.

Melamine is added to milk in how it? There are two possible ways. A station is added to milk in the original milk. This has some limitations, because melamine micro-soluble in water, at room temperature for the solubility of 3.1 grams / liter. In other words, can be dissolved in 100 ml of water 0.31 grams of melamine, containing 0.2 grams, the equivalent of 1.27 grams of protein, which can be worked out, it is necessary to reach 100 ml ≥ 2.95 grams of protein requirements, 100 ml Milk was up to 75 ml of water (and add 0.54 grams of melamine). Another way in the manufacture of milk powder in the process of adding melamine, which is not the solubility limit, and would like to increase the number can be.

Melamine was the reason why criminals as a "precision protein", probably because it felt very low toxicity, eat dead people. Rat oral melamine, semi-lethal dose (toxicology commonly used indicator that can lead to the death of half of the subjects) about every 3 g kg body weight, salt and fairly. High-dose fed rats, rabbits, dogs are not clearly observed toxicity. Melamine appears to be entering the body after metabolism can not be, but as it is discharged from the urine, but animal experiments have shown that long-term feeding of melamine in order to be able to appear as the main ingredient of melamine kidney and bladder stones. We can not take the body to do the pilot, and even those who suffer from kidney stones have been stolen to increase the use of melamine in food, it is hard to determine melamine is the culprit, unless the patient is a single source of food, such as eating only baby milk formula -- Ganna really did not expect someone to do tests to prove baby eat its dead!

Some people think that since the detection of the protein deficiency false led to the fatal, just not as good as the abolition of detecting protein, milk Duishui had acquiesced. In fact, Kjeldahl method is not difficult to make up for deficiencies, as long as a multi-step process: first TCA to deal with samples. TCA can form a protein sedimentation, filtration, filtration and precipitation were measured in the nitrogen content, will be able to know the real content of protein and protein nitrogen content pretending. This is the biochemistry of common sense, but also become the early detection of nitrogen content in milk of international standards (ISO 8968). "Sperm protein" fraud occurred at home, some years, "Sanlu milk powder" incident, however this is the "trade secrets" before the public. Only by improving national standards, close the loopholes in order to restore people's confidence in the domestic dairy industry.

(The original "," fine-"fraud" 2008-09-17)

Tuesday, September 30, 2008

三聚氰胺是什么?奶粉中为何会有三聚氰胺What is melamine? Why melamine powder in

本站新闻:三聚氰胺是什么?奶粉中为何会有三聚氰胺

管理员 投递于 2008-9-17 14:58:07

本站新闻

  最近这个三聚氰胺比较出名,公子我是学高分子材料的,对这个三聚氰胺多少有些了解,近来不少人问我这个三聚氰胺是啥东西?那俺就给大家说说:

  三聚氰胺(英文名Melamine),是一种三嗪类含氮杂环有机化合物,重要的氮杂环有机化工原料。简称三胺,又叫2 ,4 ,6- 三氨基-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三胺、2,4,6-三氨基脲、蜜胺、三聚氰酰胺、氰脲三酰胺,分子式C3N6H6、C3N3(NH2)3,分子量126.12。

三聚氰胺物理化学特性

  三聚氰胺性状为纯白色单斜棱晶体,无味,密度1.573g/cm3 (16℃)。常压熔点354℃(分解);快速加热升华,升华温度300℃。溶于热水,微溶于冷水,极微溶于热乙醇,不溶于醚、苯和四氯化碳,可溶于甲醇、甲醛、乙酸、热乙二醇、甘油、吡啶等。低毒。在一般情况下较稳定,但在高温下可能会分解放出氰化物。

  呈弱碱性(pKb=8),与盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、乙酸、草酸等都能形成三聚氰胺盐。在中性或微碱性情况下,与甲醛缩合而成各种羟甲基三聚氰胺,但在微酸性中(pH值5.5~6.5)与羟甲基的衍生物进行缩聚反应而生成树脂产物。遇强酸或强碱水溶液水解,胺基逐步被羟基取代,先生成三聚氰酸二酰胺,进一步水解生成三聚氰酸一酰胺,最后生成三聚氰酸。转自"碧云.轩"

三聚氰胺主要用途

  三聚氰胺是一种用途广泛的基本有机化工中间产品,最主要的用途是作为生产三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(MF)的原料。三聚氰胺还可以作阻燃剂、减水剂、甲醛清洁剂等。该树脂硬度比脲醛树脂高,不易燃,耐水、耐热、耐老化、耐电弧、耐化学腐蚀、有良好的绝缘性能、光泽度和机械强度,广泛运用于木材、塑料、涂料、造纸、纺织、皮革、电气、医药等行业。

三聚氰胺生物学毒性

  目前三聚氰胺被认为毒性轻微,大鼠口服的半数致死量大于3克/公斤体重。据1945年的一个实验报道:将大剂量的三聚氰胺饲喂给大鼠、兔和狗后没有观察到明显的中毒现象。动物长期摄入三聚氰胺会造成生殖、泌尿系统的损害,膀胱、肾部结石,并可进一步诱发膀胱癌。1994年国际化学品安全规划署和欧洲联盟委员会合编的《国际化学品安全手册》第三卷和国际化学品安全卡片也只说明:长期或反复大量摄入三聚氰胺可能对肾与膀胱产生影响,导致产生结石。然而,2007 年美国宠物食品污染事件的初步调查结果认为:掺杂了≤6.6%三聚氰胺的小麦蛋白粉是宠物食品导致中毒的原因,为上述毒性轻微的结论画上了问号。但为安全计,一般采用三聚氰胺制造的食具都会标明“不可放进微波炉使用”。

三聚氰胺的假蛋白原理

  由于食品和饲料工业蛋白质含量测试方法的缺陷,三聚氰胺也常被不法商人用作食品添加剂,以提升食品检测中的蛋白质含量指标,因此三聚氰胺也被人称为“蛋白精”。

  蛋白质主要由氨基酸组成,其含氮量一般不超过30%,而三聚氰胺的分子式含氮量为66%左右。通用的蛋白质测试方法“凯氏定氮法”是通过测出含氮量来估算蛋白质含量,因此,添加三聚氰胺会使得食品的蛋白质测试含量偏高,从而使劣质食品通过食品检验机构的测试。有人估算在植物蛋白粉和饲料中使测试蛋白质含量增加一个百分点,用三聚氰胺的花费只有真实蛋白原料的1/5。三聚氰胺作为一种白色结晶粉末,没有什么气味和味道,掺杂后不易被发现。

  奶粉事件:各个品牌奶粉中蛋白质含量为15-20%(晚上在超市看到包装上还有标示为10-20%的),蛋白质中含氮量平均为16%。以某合格牛奶蛋白质含量为2.8%计算,含氮量为0.44%,某合格奶粉蛋白质含量为18%计算,含氮量为2.88%。而三聚氰胺含氮量为66.6%,是牛奶的151倍,是奶粉的23倍。每100g牛奶中添加0.1克三聚氰胺,就能提高0.4%蛋白质。大家现在明白奶粉中为什么会有三聚氰胺这东西了吧?

  微溶系指溶质1g(ml)能在溶剂100~不到1000ml中溶解,三聚氰胺在水中微溶,在牛奶这种水包油型的乳液中溶解度未找到实验数据,本人觉得比水的溶解度要好一些,待验证。

三聚氰胺与肾结石

  吃了含三聚氰胺为什么会得肾结石呢?三聚氰胺本身毒性轻微,据说动物长期摄入三聚氰胺会造成生殖、泌尿系统的损害,膀胱、肾部结石,并可进一步诱发膀胱癌。为什么吃了含三聚氰胺的奶粉会得肾结石呢?

  公子我用百度研究了好久,终于找到2个专家的说法:

  解放军第一医院泌尿科住院总医师李文辉则告诉记者,化验发现,收治婴儿中有90%以上为尿酸胺结石,这种情况在结石中非常少见,只占到各种结石的6%-10%。经过进一步检测,推测这些婴儿是由于摄入的脂肪和蛋白含量比例失调,引起体内嘌呤碱代谢异常,继而产生尿酸尿酸盐结晶,在上尿路梗阻后形成肾结石,导致肾衰竭。“我个人认为,这些孩子肾结石与奶粉的关系很大,化验的事还要其他部门确认。”李文辉说。
  南京大学医学院博士生导师、南京鼓楼医院泌尿科外科孙西钊教授告诉记者,这种结石的成分是由二水尿酸和尿酸铵混合形成的,具体形成的原因比较复杂。通过溶石的实验后,发现以二水尿酸为主。

  公子我寻思着:原来这个三聚氰胺起到的不是直接的作用,是间接的?三聚氰胺冒充了蛋白,引起脂肪和蛋白含量比例失调,婴儿的主要蛋白来源是奶粉,奶粉脂肪和蛋白含量比例失调,就会引起肾结石?那成人吃含三聚氰胺的奶制品是不是就安全了?因为我们还有其他蛋白来源。天,搞不懂,俺不是学医的,就跟你们解释到这里。公子我还常喝酸奶啊,安全吗?


Site News: What is melamine? Why melamine powder in

Recently, the well-known melamine, I am a son of polymer materials science, this melamine somewhat understand that many people have recently asked me what this thing is melamine? Anjiu to talk about it all:

Melamine (English name Melamine), a triazine heterocyclic organic compounds, it is important to ring nitrogen organic chemical raw materials. Three referred to as amines, also known as 2, 4, 6 - three amino-1 ,3,5 - triazine, 1,3,5 - triazine-2 - three-, 2, 4, 6 - three amino Urea, melamine, the three-cyanide-, three-urea cyanide, molecular formula C3N6H6, C3N3 (NH2) 3, molecular weight 126.12.

Melamine physical and chemical properties

Melamine characters for the pure white monoclinic crystal edge, tasteless, density 1.573g/cm3 (16 ℃). Normal melting point 354 ℃ (decomposition); rapid increase dye-sublimation, distillation temperature 300 ℃. Soluble in hot water, micro-soluble in cold water, very little heat soluble in ethanol, insoluble in ether, benzene and carbon tetrachloride can be dissolved in methanol, formaldehyde, acetic acid, hot ethylene glycol, glycerin, pyridine, and so on. Low toxicity. Under normal circumstances, a more stable, but at a high temperature may break down to release cyanide.

Was weak alkaline (pKb = 8), and hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, and so be able to form a melamine salt. In the neutral or slightly alkaline, the condensation of formaldehyde and from a variety of hydroxymethyl melamine, but in the middle of Micro (pH value of 5.5 to 6.5) and hydroxymethyl derivatives for the condensation reaction and generate a product of resin. Case of strong acid or alkali solution hydrolysis, the amino-being gradually replaced by Mr. Cyanuric into the second-, third-generation further hydrolysis one-cyanate, the last generation Cyanuric. Carried over "Pik. Xuan"

Melamine is mainly used

Melamine is a wide range of basic organic chemical intermediates, the main purpose is the production of melamine formaldehyde resin (MF) of raw materials. Melamine can make a flame retardant, water-reducing agent, formaldehyde cleaning agents. The hardness of resin than urea-formaldehyde resin, non-flammable, water-resistant, heat-resistant, anti-aging, arc resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, good insulation properties, gloss and mechanical strength, widely used in wood, plastic, paint, paper, Textile, leather, electrical and pharmaceutical industries.

Melamine biological toxicity

Melamine is currently seen as slightly toxic, rat's oral LD50 is greater than 3 g / kg body weight. According to a 1945 experiment: the high dose of melamine fed to rats, rabbits and dogs did not observe significant toxicity. Animals can cause long-term intake of melamine reproductive, urinary system damage, bladder, kidney stones and may further induce bladder cancer. In 1994 the International Program on Chemical Safety and the European Commission co-editor of "International Chemical Safety Handbook," Volume III and the International Chemical Safety Cards only: the long-term or repeated intake of a large number of melamine may have an impact on kidney and bladder, Have led to the stone. However, the 2007 U.S. pet food contamination is a preliminary investigation concluded that: a mix of ≤ 6.6% of melamine in wheat gluten meal is the pet food poisoning led to the reasons for the above-mentioned slightly toxic to the conclusion drawn on the question mark. But the safe side, generally made of melamine utensils will be marked "can not be put into the use of microwave ovens."

Melamine leave the principle of protein

As the food and feed industry test the protein content of the defect, melamine unscrupulous traders also often used as a food additive to enhance the detection of food protein content indicators, the melamine was also known as the "sperm protein."

The main protein from amino acid composition, its nitrogen content less than 30%, and the formula of melamine nitrogen content of 66%. General protein test, "Kjeldahl" measured by nitrogen content to estimate the protein content, add melamine will make the food protein content of the test on the high side, so that the poor quality of food through the food inspection agency of the test. It was estimated in the vegetable protein powder and protein content of feed, make the test by one percentage point increase in the use of melamine, only the true cost of raw materials protein 1 / 5. Melamine is a white crystalline powder, no smell and taste, not after doping was found.

Milk powder incident: the various brands of milk protein content of 15-20% (in the supermarket that night package also marked as 10-20%), protein nitrogen content in an average of 16%. To pass a milk protein content of 2.8% to 0.44% nitrogen content, a qualified milk protein content of 18% to 2.88% nitrogen content. Melamine and 66.6 percent for the nitrogen content is 151 times that of milk, milk powder is 23 times. Add milk 100g per 0.1 grams of melamine, will be able to raise the 0.4 percent protein. Now you understand why there melamine powder in this thing now?

Micro-dissolved solute means 1g (ml) in the solvent from 100 to less than 1000ml dissolved, melamine micro-soluble in water, milk in this oil-in-water emulsion of the type found in the solubility of experimental data, I feel better than the water solubility , To be verified.

Melamine and kidney stones

Why eating melamine-containing kidney stones will have to do? Melamine is slightly toxic, long-term intake of animal is said to cause reproductive melamine, urinary system damage, bladder, kidney stones and may further induce bladder cancer. Why eating melamine-containing kidney stones of the formula will have to do?

I use Baidu's son studied for a long time, finally found 2 experts:

The first People's Liberation Army General Hospital urologist Dr. Li Wenhui hospital told reporters that laboratory tests found that babies treated in more than 90% for stone-uric acid, which is very rare in stone, only to a variety of stones 6% -10 %. After further testing, they speculated that the baby was due to the intake of fat and protein content ratio imbalance in the body caused by abnormal metabolism of purine base and then produce uric acid and salt crystallization in the upper urinary tract obstruction after the formation of kidney stones, leading to kidney failure. "My personal view is that the children's milk with kidney stones in it to do tests also confirmed that other departments." Li Wenhui said.
Nanjing University School of Medicine doctoral tutor, Nanjing Gulou Hospital Surgical Urology Professor Sun Xizhao told reporters that the composition of stone from dihydrate uric acid in urine and the formation of the mixed perchlorate, a specific form of a number of complicated factors. Litholytic through the experiment, found mainly in acid dihydrate.

I have a son thinking: So this is not the melamine played a direct role in indirect? Melamine posing as a protein, fat and protein content caused by imbalance, the baby's milk is the main source of protein, fat and protein content of milk powder imbalance, it will cause kidney stones? That adults eat dairy products containing the melamine is not on the security? Because we have other sources of protein. Days, do not understand, the span is not a medical student, you like to explain here. He Suannai my son often ah, safe?




三聚氰胺假蛋白原理Melamine-off theory

三聚氰胺假蛋白原理

来源:百度 作者: 发布时间:2008.09.16

由于食品和饲料工业蛋白质含量测试方法的缺陷,三聚氰胺也常被不法商人用作食品添加剂,以提升食品检测中的蛋白质含量指标,因此三聚氰胺也被人称为“蛋白精”。

蛋白质主要由氨基酸组成,其含氮量一般不超过30%,而三聚氰胺的分子式含氮量为66%左右。通用的蛋白质测试方法“凯氏定氮法”是通过测出含氮量来估算蛋白质含量,因此,添加三聚氰胺会使得食品的蛋白质测试含量偏高,从而使劣质食品通过食品检验机构的测试。有人估算在植物蛋白粉和饲料中使测试蛋白质含量增加一个百分点,用三聚氰胺的花费只有真实蛋白原料的1/5。三聚氰胺作为一种白色结晶粉末,没有什么气味和味道,掺杂后不易被发现。

奶粉事件:各个品牌奶粉中蛋白质含量为15-20%(晚上在超市看到包装上还有标示为10-20%的),蛋白质中含氮量平均为16%。以某合格牛奶蛋白质含量为2.8%计算,含氮量为0.44%,某合格奶粉蛋白质含量为18%计算,含氮量为2.88%。而三聚氰胺含氮量为66.6%,是牛奶的151倍,是奶粉的23倍。每100g牛奶中添加0.1克三聚氰胺,就能提高0.4%蛋白质。
微溶系指溶质1g(ml)能在溶剂100~不到1000ml中溶解,三聚氰胺在水中微溶,在牛奶这种水包油型的乳液中溶解度未找到实验数据,本人觉得比水的溶解度要好一些,待验证。


Melamine-off theory

Source: Baidu Author: Published: 2008.09.16

As the food and feed industry test the protein content of the defect, melamine unscrupulous traders also often used as a food additive to enhance the detection of food protein content indicators, the melamine was also known as the "sperm protein."

The main protein from amino acid composition, its nitrogen content less than 30%, and the formula of melamine nitrogen content of 66%. General protein test, "Kjeldahl" measured by nitrogen content to estimate the protein content, add melamine will make the food protein content of the test on the high side, so that the poor quality of food through the food inspection agency of the test. It was estimated in the vegetable protein powder and protein content of feed, make the test by one percentage point increase in the use of melamine, only the true cost of raw materials protein 1 / 5. Melamine is a white crystalline powder, no smell and taste, not after doping was found.

Milk powder incident: the various brands of milk protein content of 15-20% (in the supermarket that night package also marked as 10-20%), protein nitrogen content in an average of 16%. To pass a milk protein content of 2.8% to 0.44% nitrogen content, a qualified milk protein content of 18% to 2.88% nitrogen content. Melamine and 66.6 percent for the nitrogen content is 151 times that of milk, milk powder is 23 times. Add milk 100g per 0.1 grams of melamine, will be able to raise the 0.4 percent protein.
Micro-dissolved solute means 1g (ml) in the solvent from 100 to less than 1000ml dissolved, melamine micro-soluble in water, milk in this oil-in-water emulsion of the type found in the solubility of experimental data, I feel better than the water solubility , To be verified.


毒奶風波最新發展Milk poisoning incident on the latest developments

1. 毒奶風波最新發展
文章日期:2008年9月30日

●香港驗出含三聚氰胺食品﹕
2. 印尼驗出超毒M&M's  此文章有1張相片
文章日期:2008年9月29日

【明報專訊】三聚氰胺毒奶遺害愈揭愈厲害,暢銷全球的國際知名朱古力品牌Mars,旗下M&M's三款朱古力和Snickers,以及卡夫出產的Oreo朱古力威化條,均被印尼當局驗出極高濃度的三聚氰胺,其中一款M&M's牛奶朱古力三聚氰胺含量竟達856.3ppm,成人吃一包已超出安全標準,3歲幼童甚至吃數粒已有生腎石危險。
3. 港童腎石確診增至5宗
文章日期:2008年9月26日

【明報專訊】本港再多1名10歲男童飲用含三聚氰胺奶類製品後,驗出有腎石之確診個案,男童曾在內地居住,現居香港,他有飲用蒙牛或伊利牌高鈣低脂奶習慣,令本港確診個案增至5宗。另外,醫管局在今日於廣華及北區醫院增設兩所評估中心,9間評估中心將增設周六上午診症時段,以紓緩輪候驗腎的人潮。
4. 母在港買奶粉 台兩姊弟中招
文章日期:2008年9月26日

【明報專訊】一位從香港嫁到台灣宜蘭的女子,因一對3歲及1歲半的嬰兒長期食用在香港買的奶粉,在毒奶粉風暴下,日前往宜蘭的陽明大學附設醫院檢驗,結果2名嬰兒都檢出腎結石,這是台灣首宗嬰兒因食用奶粉撿出腎結石的個案。
5. 致電衛署感求助無援  此文章有2張相片
文章日期:2008年9月25日

【明報專訊】毒奶粉事件愈鬧愈大,不少媽媽都憂心忡忡,資深傳媒人陳惜姿亦為了兩名年幼兒女十分焦急。自內地傳出毒奶粉事件起,她便想起囝囝以往不時說小便刺痛,擔心得要死,即時到私家醫院為兒子預約檢驗,直至傳媒驗出6歲囝囝自兩歲多起便一直飲用的雀巢金裝助長奶粉含三聚氰胺,她更是心裏一沉。
6. 家長斥熱線不通親往登記
文章日期:2008年9月25日

【明報專訊】為懷疑曾飲用「毒奶」兒童作健康檢驗的瑪嘉烈醫院評估中心,昨日雖然沒有再迫爆,運作大致回復正常,但仍有家長批評瑪嘉烈醫院的登記熱線長期無法接通,唯有親臨醫院登記,卻只獲安排下月檢查,令家長浪費車費及時間。
7. 台立頓奶茶疑用毒奶精回收
文章日期:2008年9月25日

【明報專訊】食物安全中心再驗出另一包裝的大白兔糖含有三聚氰胺,含量更較早前公布的一款大白兔糖高出2.5倍,達16ppm(百萬分之16),3歲幼童若一天吃了半包(約40粒)便會超出安全標準。另外,台灣聯合利華出品的「立頓綠奶茶」可能使用含有三聚氰胺的奶精做原料,當地宣布全部查封及回收。
8. 世衛促嚴防問題手法擴散
文章日期:2008年9月24日

【明報專訊】中國毒奶粉問題愈演愈烈,世界衛生組織表示至今未知道有多少個國家因中國製的受污染奶產品所影響,警告要防止有害的奶產品製法流入其他國家,而歐盟在周一要求歐洲食物安全局(EFSA)急須向消費者交代受污染中國牛奶的禍害。另外,再多兩個國家宣布限制中國奶製品入口。
9. 毒奶事件最新進展
文章日期:2008年9月24日

【明報專訊】■確診疑因三聚氰胺而患病港童昨再增2人,累計4人;內地則逼近5.3萬人
10. 醫局驗腎超額擬求助私醫  此文章有4張相片
文章日期:2008年9月24日

【明報專訊】三聚氰胺「腎石奶」毒禍已全面升級,醫院管理局昨接獲的個案已超出預算名額五成,部分診所個案更超額3倍,港府更將抗毒奶行動升級,成立專責小組全面研究毒奶食品在港的滲透層面及幅度、本港醫療人手承受能力等,更準備向私營機構求助。醫管局主席胡定旭對本報表示,驗腎等連串醫療服務需求按日倍增,為免影響正常服務,正考慮必要時向私家醫生、私家醫院和私家化驗所購買服務。

11. 台灣5牌子奶原料含毒
文章日期:2008年9月24日

【明報專訊】台灣衛生署昨晚公布,5家從大陸山東「都慶」公司進口的奶製品原料中,六和化工、汎昇實業、三億食品及佳泰食品都驗出三聚氰胺,行政院已決議將大陸植物性奶蛋白原料的商品下架,目前毒奶粉初步已知流入的下游廠商,包括「古道」奶茶等產品。
12. 驗腎安排各有各說 家長叫苦  此文章有3張相片
文章日期:2008年9月24日

【明報專訊】再有兩名港童因長期飲用受三聚氰胺污染的奶製品,證實患上腎結石,是4日內第3及第4宗。兩童都在香港出生,長期居住內地,其中一名為29個月大男嬰,曾飲用內地奶品,日前由父親帶到廣華醫生檢查;另一名9歲男童,飲用問題奶粉4年,在私家醫院檢查後證實亦有腎結石。兩人一度留院治療,現時情穩定。
13. 免費驗腎混亂 家長轟失當  此文章有8張相片
文章日期:2008年9月23日

【明報專訊】自內地發現萬計嬰兒患腎石後,香港不少父母都心焦如焚,昨日大批父母帶同曾飲用問題奶粉或奶品的子女,湧到瑪嘉烈醫院檢查有否「中招」,但不少父母批評醫管局安排失當、指示不清楚及人手不足,部分父母到醫院白等了數小時後,才被安排另覓日子驗身。有家長致電本報投訴,指衛生防護中心和食環署所提供的兩條熱線形同虛設,致電逾一小時仍未能接通。
14. 毒奶事件問與答
文章日期:2008年9月23日

【明報專訊】問﹕三聚氰胺是製造塑膠化學原料,不宜人食用,港府為何不仿效處理孔雀石綠之做法,對三聚氰胺作出零容忍之標準?
15. 鷹嘜煉奶含三聚氰胺
文章日期:2008年9月23日

【明報專訊】再有雀巢奶品疑含「三聚氰胺」。無新聞昨日報道,該台委託化驗所化驗,發現一款在內地青島廠房製造的370克罐裝「雀巢鷹嘜煉奶」含有微量三聚氰胺,濃度為每千克含0.6毫克(即0.6ppm)。食環署早前曾化驗同一食品,但當時並無發現不妥,但食環署昨晚指已因應有關報道,會再次抽樣化驗鷹嘜煉奶。另一方面,就毒奶事件,食物及衛生局長周一嶽昨日公布一系列措施,包括今日刊憲禁止食物中含有超標的三聚氰胺,法例即時生效。
16. 規管三聚氰胺今刊憲即生效
文章日期:2008年9月23日

【明報專訊】瑪嘉烈醫院替疑喝毒奶兒童做身體檢查引起混亂,食物及衛生局長周一嶽昨日就此向受影響家長致歉。他同時宣布政府3項針對三聚氰胺的新措施,包括今日刊憲禁止食物中有超標的三聚氰胺,法例即時生效,同時加快研究制訂食物禁售及回收法。為應付大量幼童驗身的需求,當局今日啟動全港18間指定門診和7間特別評估中心,為12歲以下小童作免費評估。
17. 雀巢奶粉純牛奶含毒  此文章有4張相片
文章日期:2008年9月22日

【明報專訊】三聚氰胺「腎石奶」毒禍,已波及雄霸本港奶品市場的雀巢牛奶公司,食物安全中心和本地傳媒相繼驗出,該公司一款餐飲業專用的純牛奶,以及金裝幼兒助長奶粉,均含三聚氰胺。另外暢銷本港的伯朗咖啡,以及港人「由細食到大」的大白兔糖,分別被台灣及新加坡驗出有毒。
18. 醫局為疏導驗腎潮
文章日期:2008年9月22日

【明報專訊】毒奶粉愈揭愈多,目前本港最少已有60多人被轉介到瑪嘉烈醫院等候超聲波檢查,已超出該院一天可應付的限額,預料將有大批心急如焚的家長帶喝過毒奶的孩子到該院求診。為應付突發需求,當局擬將「指定專科診所」擴展至各聯網有一間,並會在普通科門診另開一條隊伍,專門處理疑因喝毒奶而令腎臟受損的求診者,以應付及疏導可能出現的驗腎潮。
19. 星超市停售伊利  此文章有1張相片
文章日期:2008年9月19日

【明報專訊】內地毒奶粉醜聞持續擴大,除香港以外,新加坡政府亦禁止當地超市售賣伊利雪條和酸乳酪產品,並會化驗從中國進口的牛奶和乳製品,韓國亦決定回收部分市面上售賣含中國奶粉的食品作檢驗。
20. 名牌奶樽含可致癌物港有售  此文章有2張相片
文章日期:2007年3月3日

【明報專訊】美國環保組織化驗當地5款暢銷的名牌膠奶樽,發現全部含有可能致癌化學物「雙酚A」,動物實驗顯示此物質可影響生殖系統和荷爾蒙分泌,對幼兒存有潛伏危險,其中Avent、Dr Brown's、Playtex奶樽在本港有代理出售,Gerber奶樽的本港代理只在去年才停售,全部均暫未有回收決定。海關正跟進事件並於市面購買樣本進行化驗。

21. 內地揭廢舊光碟製奶樽  此文章有2張相片
文章日期:2006年5月29日

【明報專訊】在「六一」兒童節到來之前,內地工商、質檢部門對多種兒童商品進行檢查,發現浙江義烏一些商家,竟用廢舊光碟塑料等製造奶樽,並銷往10多省市,這些奶樽含有有害化學物質「酚」,對嬰兒健康構成嚴重危害。部門更發現,9省市兒童服裝產品有四成不合格。


1. Milk poisoning incident on the latest developments
Article Date: September 30, 2008
● Hong Kong found to have food with melamine:
2. Indonesian drug testing surplus M & M's
Article Date: September 29, 2008
AP】 melamine poisoning milk harm the more powerful the more open, the world's best-known international brands of chocolate Mars, its three M & M's chocolate and Snickers, as well as Kraft's Oreo chocolate production of Granville, Indonesian authorities were found to have a very The high concentration of melamine, a M & M's milk chocolate melamine content as much as 856.3ppm, adult eating a packet has exceeded the safety standard and 3-year-old children to eat even a few grains of Health have been dangerous kidney stone.
3. Hong Kong children diagnosed with kidney stones to 5
Article Date: September 26, 2008
Ming Pao in Hong Kong more】 a 10-year-old boy drinking milk products containing melamine, found to have confirmed cases of kidney stones, the boy had been living in the Mainland and now lives in Hong Kong, he was drinking or Erie unlicensed Mengniu Low-fat high calcium milk habit of Hong Kong confirmed the numbers increased to 5. In addition, the Hospital Authority today at Kwong Wah Hospital and North District to set up two assessment centers, 9 Assessment Center will be set up Saturday morning clinic hours to ease the inspection kidney waiting crowd.
4. Home to buy milk in Hong Kong and Taiwan hit children
Article Date: September 26, 2008
AP】 who married into Hong Kong from Taiwan's Ilan County woman, as a result of a pair of 3-year-old and 1-year-old baby in Hong Kong to buy long-term consumption of milk powder, milk powder in the drug crisis, to Ilan on the Yang-Ming University Hospital tests As a result, 2 babies found kidney stones, this is the first infant milk for human consumption because of kidney stones Jianchu cases.
5. Wei call the Department of helpless feeling
Article Date: September 25, 2008
AP】 milk poisoning incident, the more the greater downtown, many are worried about the mother, Chen Xi, a senior media position in order to have two young children are very anxious. Since the mainland reported the incident from toxic milk powder, she reminds me from time to time in the past said that the child at an early age child hurt, worried to death, immediately go to private hospitals for an appointment for his son until the media found to have 6-year-old child since the child has been more than two-year-old Gold consumption of fuel Nestle milk powder containing melamine, her heart sank even more.
6. Denounced the parents pay a registration hotline barrier
Article Date: September 25, 2008
AP】 suspected to have been drinking "milk poisoning" of children on a regular basis for the assessment of the Princess Margaret Hospital Center yesterday, although no explosive force, operating more or less returned to normal, but there is still criticism of the parents of the Princess Margaret Hospital hotline to register long-term Can not get through, the only hospital to register in person, arrangements can only have it for examination next month, parents fare and a waste of time.
7. Taiwan Lipton tea with suspected drug recovery creamer
Article Date: September 25, 2008
AP】 Center for Food Safety and then found another package of white sugar to contain melamine, also announced earlier that the contents of a 2.5 times higher than white sugar, up to 16ppm (parts per million 16), 3-year-old David If the child had to eat one day and a half package (about 40) will exceed safety standards. In addition, Taiwan Unilever's products, "Lipton Green tea" may contain melamine use of raw materials do creamer, and closed down all announced that the local recovery.
8. WHO to promote the issue to prevent the spread of the way
Article Date: September 24, 2008
Ming Pao, Chinese milk powder drug problem growing, the World Health Organization said that so far not know how many countries as a result of China's system of contaminated milk products affected by the warning to prevent harmful milk products into the system of law in other countries, and in the European Union Monday Ask the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) anxious to explain to consumers affected by the harmful effects of pollution in China's milk. In addition, the two countries announced more restrictions on Chinese products imported.
9. Toxic milk latest incident
Article Date: September 24, 2008
AP】 ■ confirmed the suspect as a result of melamine and sick children in Hong Kong yesterday to increase 2, a total of 4; the mainland are close to 53,000 people
10. Kuk inspection kidney to help over private medical
Article Date: September 24, 2008
AP】 melamine "kidney stone milk" drugs have been upgraded, the Hospital Authority received yesterday the case is beyond the budget into five places, some of the clinics over 3 times more cases, the Government will be more escalation of anti-milk, The Task Force set up a comprehensive study of the dairy food poisoning in Hong Kong and the level of penetration rate in Hong Kong, such as the affordability of health care staff, but also ready to help the private sector. Hospital Authority Chairman Anthony Wu Ting-yuk told this newspaper that a series of inspection and kidneys, and so the medical needs of the daily double, to minimize the impact of normal service being given to the need for doctors in private practice, private hospitals and private laboratories to purchase services.

11. Taiwan 5 brand milk toxic materials
Article Date: September 24, 2008
AP Taiwan's Department of Health announced last night, 5 from the mainland in Shandong "IP" from the import of dairy products, raw materials, chemical 6, or pan-industrial, food and 300,000,000 Jiatai food are found to have melamine, Executive Yuan Resolution to have the mainland plant protein raw milk products off the shelf, the current drug formula known Preliminary flows downstream manufacturers, including the "Road", and other tea products.
12. Inspection arrangements for the kidney, said the parents have to suffer
Article Date: September 24, 2008
AP】 Two Hong Kong children as a result of long-term drinking contaminated dairy products melamine, confirmed to be suffering from kidney stones, is 4 days 3 and 4. Two children were born in Hong Kong, a long-term residence in the Mainland, one of the 29-month-old baby, had to drink milk in the Mainland, a few days ago by the father taken to Kwong Wah medical examination; another 9-year-old boy, the problem of drinking milk powder 4 , In a private hospital for medical examination confirmed that there are kidney stones. The two were hospitalized in the current situation  stability.
13. Free inspection boom parents kidney disorder misconduct
Article Date: September 23, 2008
AP】 from the mainland found that millions of infants suffering from kidney stones, Hong Kong, many parents are anxious Rufen yesterday with a large number of parents had the same problem drinking milk or milk children, rushed to Princess Margaret Hospital check whether there is any " Caught, "but many parents criticized the improper arrangements made by the Hospital Authority, and the shortage of clear instructions, some parents to the hospital for several hours in vain, was to find alternative arrangements for medical examination day. Parents have to call this a complaint that the Center for Health Protection and the department provided by the two hotlines exist in name only, call more than an hour could not get through.
14. Milk poisoning incident Q & A
Article Date: September 23, 2008
AP】: Melamine is a chemical manufacturing plastic raw materials, not human consumption, why not follow the example of the Government's approach to deal with malachite green, the melamine to the standard of zero tolerance?
15. Smelting Eagle brand milk containing melamine
Article Date: September 23, 2008
AP】 another suspect Nestle milk containing "melamine." No  News reported yesterday, the station commissioned laboratory tests found that a manufacturing plant in Qingdao in the Mainland of 370 grams of canned "Nestle Eagle brand milk refining," containing traces of melamine, the concentration of per kg containing 0.6 mg (that is 0.6ppm) . Earlier the department had tested the same food, but found no wrong, but last night, means the department has been in response to the report, will once again sample tests on the Eagle brand milk chain. On the other hand, the milk poisoning incident, the Food and Health Secretary York Chow announced yesterday a series of measures to be gazetted today, including the prohibition of excessive food contains melamine, the law with immediate effect.
16. Melamine regulation to be gazetted today that the entry into force
Article Date: September 23, 2008
AP】 Princess Margaret Hospital for drug suspect to drink milk for children to do physical examination confusion, the Food and Health Secretary York Chow yesterday to the affected parents to apologize. He also announced that the Government melamine 3 for the new measures, including the prohibition of the Food and gazetted in the standard of melamine, the law with immediate effect, at the same time to speed up the formulation of the Food Research and Recovery Act prohibited. To cope with the large number of young children, the demand for medical examination, the start today of the 18 designated clinics and 7 special assessment centers for children under 12 years of age free of charge for evaluation.
17. Nestle milk powder milk, pure poison
Article Date: September 22, 2008
AP】 melamine "kidney stone milk" drugs, has spread to Hong Kong has dominated the market, Nestle milk dairy products, food safety center and the local media have been found, the company's exclusive restaurant a pure milk, Gold, as well as encourage young children milk, contain melamine. In addition belang Hong Kong's best-selling coffee, as well as the people of Hong Kong, "from small to large food," the white sugar, Taiwan and Singapore were found to be toxic.
18. In order to assist the medical board examination kidney tide
Article Date: September 22, 2008
AP】 drug formula, the more open more in Hong Kong for at least 60 people were referred to Princess Margaret Hospital to wait for ultrasonic inspection, the hospital has gone beyond one day be able to meet the quota, is expected to attract a large number of anxious parents  drink milk with poison to the children of hospital treatment. To cope with the sudden demand for the proposed "designated specialist clinics" to expand the network to have a will in general out-patient of a separate team to deal specifically with drug suspect to drink milk as a result of kidney damage caused the patients to Cope with the flow and the possible influx of kidney inspection.
19. Supermarkets to stop selling satellite Erie
Article Date: September 19, 2008
AP mainland milk poisoning scandal continued to expand, with the exception of Hong Kong, the Singapore government also prohibits the sale of a local supermarket Xuetiao Erie and yoghurt products, and will be imported from China for testing milk and dairy products, South Korea also decided to recall some of the market On the sale of food containing Chinese milk powder for testing.
20. Brand-name milk bottles containing carcinogens may be on sale in Hong Kong
Article Date: March 3, 2007
AP U.S. environmental testing organizations, local 5-selling brand-name plastic milk bottles, and found that they were all likely to contain cancer-causing chemicals, "bisphenol A", animal experiments show that this material can affect the reproductive system and hormone secretion, there are young children Are dangerous, Avent, Dr Brown's, Playtex feeding bottles for sale in Hong Kong agent, Gerber bottles of milk in the local agent of the last year moratorium on the sale of all of them do not yet have a recovery of decide. Customs and Excise Department is pursuing the case in the market to buy samples for testing.
21. Mainland Jie used CD-milk bottles
Article Date: May 29, 2006
AP】 "61" before the arrival of the Children's Day, the China trade, quality inspection departments to inspect a variety of children's commodities, Yiwu in Zhejiang Province found that some of the business, uses scrap plastic discs, such as milk bottles manufactured and sold more than 10 provinces City, the milk bottles containing harmful chemicals "phenol", the baby of a serious health hazard. Departments found that 9 of 40 provinces and cities in children's clothing products not up to standard.




Friday, September 7, 2007

穗12種水果揭有害化學添加

穗12種水果揭有害化學添加(2007年3月22日)
廣州當局﹕添加非普遍

【明報專訊】大家選購水果時,一定會挑色澤最好的,但廣州的食品安全網卻揭破,蘋果、西瓜、梨、提子、荔枝等12種大家常吃水果,可能會被不法商人加入化學劑等,令它們變得更好看、催熟和保存更久。專家指出,長期食用添加劑對人體有害,如損害神經系統、誘發過敏甚至致癌,故提醒市民勿「以貌取果」。

輸港水果化驗全合格

本港食環署表示,正向內地了解,而食物安全中心的監察計劃過去1年,約為880個水果樣本做化學測試,包括除害劑、重金屬、染色料等,結果全部合格。

廣州市食品安全信息網和中國食品網近日揭破不法商人在12種常吃水果中「做手腳」的手法,如水蜜桃或以工業檸檬酸浸泡,令桃色更鮮紅,不易腐爛,並會加入明礬、甜味素、酒精等,使其爽脆香甜;白桃則用硫磺熏製。

為使青芒果的表皮看起來黃澄澄,會加入石灰,但吃起來卻沒有芒果味。為令梨子早熟,不法商人會使用膨大素、催長素等,再用漂白粉、色劑(檸檬黃)為其漂白染色,但處理過的梨汁少味淡,有時還會有異味和腐臭味,而梨的存放時間易腐爛。

香蕉會用氨水或二氧化硫催熟,令其表皮嫩黃好看,但果肉口感僵硬,口味也不甜。西瓜會超標使用催熟劑、膨大劑和劇毒農藥,這種西瓜皮上的條紋雖然不均勻,但切開後瓜瓤看似新鮮,瓜子呈白色,有異味。

尚未成熟的青提子會加入乙烯利溶液浸濕一兩天,將之變成紫色。龍眼噴灑硫酸或酸性溶液浸泡,使其顏色鮮艷;荔枝亦以硫酸浸泡改色,令它變得更鮮紅誘人;柑橘則用工業石蠟拋光;蘋果除了打上工業石蠟,亦會加入催紅素增色,保持水分及果體鮮亮。

內地專家分析,市場出現「加工」水果,是因為消費者常常「以貌取果」,專挑最大、顏色最鮮的水果,所以商人投其所好。

廣州市食品安全信息網昨發聲明重申,上述內容旨在提醒消費者挑選水果時勿以貌取果,並不代表市場上水果使用這些添加劑很普遍,而對於內地有傳媒轉載時加入「下毒」等字眼,是曲解其本意。事實上,內地報章去年曾報道廣州出現注紅藥水西瓜,但其後發現只是一名兼職記者吃飯時道聽塗說而虛構的。

學者籲水果洗淨去皮

學者籲洗淨去皮(2007年3月22日)

【明報專訊】不法商人為了令水果更好看及催熟,不惜添加化學物,長期吸收部分化學物有損健康。中大生物及化學系副教授陳竟明說,較難以肉眼分辨哪些水果「做了手腳」,建議市民吃水果前最好先洗乾淨,但石蠟由於不能溶於水,所以最好去皮食用。

內地專家指出,添加物質都對人體有害,如浸水蜜桃的工業檸檬酸會損害神經系統,誘發過敏性疾病,甚至致癌;長期食用明礬會導致骨質增加、記憶力減退、癡呆、皮膚彈性下降和增皺紋等。

硫酸、酸性溶液會灼傷消化道,並容易引發感冒、腹瀉和強烈咳嗽等。加進香蕉內的二氧化硫,則對人體神經系統造成損害,影響肝腎功能。至於蘋果上的工業石蠟,或含有鉛、水銀、砷等重金屬,會滲透到果肉中,食用後會導致記憶力下降、貧血等。

吃適時水果減風險

中大生物及化學系副教授何永成表示,這些添加劑不會對人體構成即時危害,但長遠還會影響健康,如導致腸胃不適等。

陳竟明說,市民可留意水果外觀是否自然,最好按天氣吃適合的水果,如冬天吃雪梨等,減低吃到催熟生果的風險。

12種生果「化學整容」手法

12種生果「化學整容」手法(2007年3月22日)

【明報專訊】芒果--青芒用生石灰捂黃

葡萄--將未成熟的青葡萄浸入乙烯利溶液,一兩天後會變成紫色葡萄

柑橘--用工業石蠟拋光

蘋果--用膨大素和催紅素,並打上工業石蠟,保持果體水分及鮮亮賣相

梨--用催長素令其早熟,再用漂白粉及色劑(檸檬黃)染色

荔枝--用硫酸溶液浸泡,或用乙烯利水劑噴灑,令荔皮更鮮紅

水蜜桃 --用工業檸檬酸浸泡令顏色更鮮紅;用明礬令桃更清脆香甜

香蕉--用氨水或二氧化硫催熟

西瓜--用膨大劑、催熟劑催熟

柿子--用酵母、催熟劑催熟

大棗--用化學劑染色及工業石蠟拋光

龍眼--噴硫酸或酸性溶液浸泡,令顏色鮮艷

資料來源:廣州《信息時報》

Wednesday, August 1, 2007

美指中國生薑含毒農藥

美指中國生薑含毒農藥(2007年8月1日)
可致呼吸困難籲停食 食環署跟進

陳太指近年出現問題的食物太多,根本擔心不來,故不會減少食用生薑。(郭慶輝攝)

【明報專訊】美國加州衛生局警告當地消費者,勿進食來自中國的生薑,當局在抽查中發現部分生薑含危險農藥「涕滅威」(Aldicarb Sulfoxide),至今未接獲有人進食後不適的報告。當局指出,該批生薑較早前從中國進口,運送到加州北部多間商店出售,美國食品及藥物管理局(FDA)正向進口商了解事件。

本港食環署食物安全中心發言人表示,會向內地當局了解並跟進事件。香港在恆常食物監察計劃中,一向有抽查蔬菜及其製品,並進行除害劑化驗,而薑及有關製品亦在抽查之列。

加州抽查發現 追查貨源

根據美國食品及藥物管理局表示,加州農藥管制部早前在抽查中發現,中國進口生薑含有禁用農藥「涕滅威」,當地衛生局即時呼籲市民停止食用中國進口生薑,如有不適,應該盡早看醫生。

當局正向有關進口商Modern Trading Inc.追溯貨源,目前已知有問題產品被加州的Christopher Ranch公司分銷至北加州的Albertson與Save Mart超市。

當局表示,食用低量「涕滅威」,食用4小時後可能導致與流行性感冒類似的徵狀,包括惡心、頭痛及視力模糊,但徵狀通常在5到6個小時內便會迅速消失。不過,食用過量則會導致暈眩、大量冒汗、嘔吐、腹瀉、肌肉僵硬、痙攣及呼吸困難等,但當局至今未接獲有人進食中國進口生薑後不適的報告。

香港中文大學生物及化學系副教授何永成表示,過去曾有研究指出,每1公斤老鼠吃了1毫克「涕滅威」,便開始出現中毒情,並有生命危險。由於這種農藥會影響人體腦神經,所以不宜加入食物中。

Friday, July 27, 2007

南京查獲百多噸毒牛肉

南京查獲百多噸毒牛肉2007-2-15 06:05

(北京15日綜合電)中國南京市棲霞區近日查獲100多噸問題牛肉,現場還找到大量有毒染料蘇丹紅。
南京市質量監督管理局與其他執法部門接獲舉報后,週三突襲棲霞區燕子磯附近熟食作坊。執法人員發現大量化工色素“大全紅”,塑膠包裝上有“切勿入口”字樣。這是蘇丹紅的一種,嚴禁添加于食品中。這批蘇丹紅染料共計400袋。
執法人員還在作坊內發現硝。牛肉拌入硝更容易煮熟煮爛,而使用蘇丹紅是為了使熟牛肉外觀更加鮮艷誘人。
另1家證照齊全的作坊也被搜出幾大袋用于染布的色素,而現場大批熟牛肉正是用這些毒色素熬煮而成。
此次行動共突擊檢查近20家大小作坊,多數無證。執法人員查出蘇丹紅、硝等化學物質被普遍使用,各種問題肉估計達100多噸。
報導說,由于棲霞區燕子磯每天都有數以噸計毒牛肉流入南京市區,目前執法部門正對相關人員進行調查。

毒從口入 何處食無憂?

曾慧燕:毒從口入 何處食無憂?

曾慧燕

毒!毒!毒!含毒食物何其多,似乎無毒不食物。活在當下的中國人,含毒食品成了全民熱門話題:毒蛋、毒魚、毒米、毒酒、毒醋、毒粉絲、毒奶粉,還有什麼蘇丹紅、孔雀石綠、抗生素蟹、甲醇腐竹、硫磺竹筍、石蠟瓜子、頭髮豉油、洗衣粉油條、工業鹽泡菜、福馬林鹹魚……。這是一個缺乏食物安全的世界!我們的餐桌危機四伏。

稍為注意中國大陸新聞的人,從中央電視台的「每周質量報告」,到官方媒體的調查報導,含毒食物風波此起彼伏,觸目驚心的事實令人談「食」色變,許多知名品牌如龍口粉絲、鎮江香醋、紅心鴨蛋及金華火腿等,全亮紅燈。不久前,從中國出口到香港的淡水魚發現含孔雀石綠,接著年貨又發現有「毒瓜子」。在物質豐富而道德淪喪的今天,食物安全堪虞,如何才能「食無憂」,消費者的餐桌還有哪些食物不含毒?

除了中國國產食品出現問題,就連那些進軍大陸的外國速食連鎖店的問題食品也接連不斷,如肯德基炸雞染紅、麥當勞漢堡、三鹿「早產」牛奶及雀巢奶粉碘超標事件等,令人驚問「這是什麼世道?」「我們還有什麼東西是可以吃的?」消費者如何才能買得放心,吃得安心。

中國是許多北美華人的祖國和故鄉,儘管中美之間遠隔重洋,但北美華人日常所吃的南北雜貨,大部分來自中國,像華人熟悉的龍口粉絲、鎮江香醋等,是中餐桌不可或缺的食物或調味品。這些在大陸鬧得沸沸揚揚的含毒食物,與北美華人超市貨架上銷售的是否同一貨色?令人心生疑慮。

再者,中美關係密切,不少華人一年到頭總有機會到大陸探親訪友、公幹旅遊等,大陸的南北小吃、各種富地方風味的家常菜,往往令人食指大動,美食當前,能不大快朵頤?!可是,毒從口入,大陸食品安全近年不斷亮紅燈,教人如何不害怕。有人就半開玩笑、半認真地說,看來,以後到大陸,這也不能吃,那也不能嚐,只有自備方便麵了。

紐約畫家大澤人(本名王慶祥)表示,前段時間,他在華人超市買了一盒「紅心鴨蛋」,隔不多天就在報上看到這個牌子的鴨蛋在大陸被查出有致癌物質蘇丹紅,嚇得將整盒鴨蛋扔進了垃圾桶。

來自台灣的郭太太表示,從前她最喜歡吃鹹鴨蛋,而且還愛挑紅彤彤的蛋黃來吃,現在看來要「戒口」了。

另一位來自上海的鄧太太表示,吃小籠湯包沾鎮江香醋是她的最愛,而且鎮江醋一直是她家餐桌上不可缺少的調味品,連她在美國出生的女兒也喜歡。但自從鎮江醋驚傳是由「毒米」釀造後,她把家中的鎮江香醋一古腦兒扔掉,自此改用價格較貴、但吃得較放心的日本醋。

粉絲「吊白塊」 腐竹摻甲醇

「龍口粉絲」是北美許多華人家庭一年四季餐桌上最常見的食物,華人超市通常有不下10種品牌出售,近年數度出現嚇人的致癌「毒粉絲」事件。該粉絲品牌在海內外的乾貨市場聲名遠播,歷史悠久。北京中央電視台早在2004年,就已揭發山東省招遠市及龍口市六間生產粉絲的工場,沒有按國家標準用綠豆粉或豌豆粉製粉絲,而是用劣質的澱粉。由於澱粉製成的產品顏色較灰黃,廠商加入「過氧化苯甲」及一種農用的「碳酸氫銨」化肥漂白,甚至用氨水直接提取下腳料澱粉,並添加增白劑。

其生產流程經央視「每周質量節目」曝光後,輿論大譁。「龍口粉絲」也是香港市民最愛吃的乾貨之一,其後香港食環署的化驗結果,顯示市面有售的山東聚龍龍口粉絲,不但含有上述兩種致癌化學物質,防腐劑二氧化硫量也嚴重超標。由此,北京及香港多個地區市面上的龍口粉絲全部下架,嚴重打擊該馳名品牌的形象,連累許多正派經營的生產廠家也受池魚之殃。

及至2006年12月,山東生產的一種龍口粉絲再度被驗出含有致癌的工業用漂白劑,鑑於甲醛次硫酸氫鈉能改善食品的外觀和口感,大陸一些不法生產商把這些可致癌物質加入粉絲、腐竹等食品中。春節前後,香港從中國進口的腐竹,抽檢時有三成不合格,都是甲醇超標。

北京市食品安全局曾通報山東煙台德勝達公司生產的龍口粉絲,被驗出工業用漂白劑甲醛次硫酸氫鈉,即俗稱「吊白塊」的劇毒致癌物質,下令禁售產品,全面退出北京市場。該公司的產品在美國等地華人超市也有銷售。

在加拿大華人超市,也發現有同廠但不同牌子的產品出售。據多倫多華文報章報導,該市東區華埠一家華人超市的貨架,就發現有德勝達龍口粉絲有限公司出品的「思絲牌」粉絲,但不能確定是否與北京禁售的「毒粉絲」屬同一產品。

來自廣東的楊梅說,她喜歡用粉絲做成各種可口美味的家常菜,如「粉絲雜菜煲」、「粉絲蝦米炒節瓜」、「粉絲蝦米蒸蛋」及「肉末粉絲炒木耳」等,都是她身為煮婦的拿手好菜,兩個孩子和丈夫也都十分捧場。尤其在北風呼嘯的寒冬,粉絲更是一家圍爐打邊爐(吃火鍋)的必備食物。

由於常吃龍口粉絲,她發現紐約華人超市有多個不同品牌,如「仙寶牌」、「珞林牌」、「家樂牌」、「塔牌」及「金之味」等,有的則沒有標明具體的牌子,一律冠以「龍口粉絲」,但只要細心觀察,仍可發現產地不同,有的是「台灣製造」,有的是「山東煙台」。有次她貪便宜,買了某個品牌的龍口粉絲,「一煮就爛」,而且口感很「澀」,不像其他牌子的龍口粉絲富有彈性,口感較Q。後來她才知道該品牌屬「問題粉絲」,摻雜了很多玉米粉和添加劑。

相對於中國大陸同胞在食物方面缺乏安全感,食物監管經常出現漏洞,美加華人算是有福氣的。

以進出口中國食品為主要業務的美國龍勝行集團公司董事長鄧龍指出,美國食品及藥物管理局(Food and DrugsAdministration,簡稱FDA)對所有進口食品都有一套行之有效的檢查制度,有質量問題的食品很難逃過檢查人員的「法眼」。FDA還經常為食品經銷商開設一些相關課程,指導他們如何檢查食物質量。如目前禽流感肆虐,對蛋類食品的檢查提高門檻,經銷商便要對市面出售的鴨蛋進行編號,以便一旦發現問題時,可以追蹤鴨蛋是從哪一個鴨場流出,在哪一個工廠加工等。

他表示,除此之外,FDA也經常派員到各大小超市進行突擊抽查,一旦查出食品有問題,同一牌子的食品將責令經銷商全部回收銷毀。龍勝行每年進口中國食品逾2000個集裝箱,產品包裝上大多註明經銷商的名稱。

同時擔任美國華商會會長和中國城超市集團公司董事長的鄧龍說,自從投入食品業及超市業後,越是深入了解美國的食物安全監管制度,就越感慨美國對民生的重視,中國大陸在這方面仍有待改進。

鄧龍表示,目前紐約市面上的龍口粉絲有很多品種,品質參差不齊,價格相差也大。但他相信經過一些有信譽的代理經銷商推出的中國食品,諸如龍口粉絲、鎮江香醋及紅心鴨蛋等,即使與大陸的含毒食品品牌相同,但「不會有問題」。因為中國對出口商品把關比較嚴格,雖然不排除大陸有「走後門」的情況,但對關乎到國際形象的出口食品,一般不敢掉以輕心。

去年底,大陸多個省市市面上出售的紅心鴨蛋,被查出是鴨子吃了摻有蘇丹紅成分的工業染料生產出來的,央視《每周質量報告》詳盡報導此事,多個地方的食品管理執法部門下令全面停售「涉紅」鴨蛋,並對涉及「蘇丹紅」鴨蛋的地區和當事人進行追查,封閉涉案鴨場,沒收問題鴨蛋,並抽取相關樣本進一步化驗。

鄧龍說,大陸市面出售被發現含有「蘇丹紅」的紅心鴨蛋,主要是一些不法奸商在飼料中摻進這種致癌物質來飼養鴨子。龍勝行在美國華人超市推出的紅心鴨蛋,則是用德國進口飼料餵養鴨子,不存在「染紅」問題,消費者可以放心食用。

在大陸,不但本地生產商的問題食品屢有所聞,外資企業也風波不斷。2005年底,代表美資企業肯德基速食連鎖店的中國百勝餐飲集團發表公開聲明,宣布在肯德基新奧爾良烤翅堡和新奧爾良烤雞腿堡調料中發現含有「蘇丹紅一號」,為了萬無一失,該公司決定立即在全大陸所有肯德基餐廳停止售賣這兩種產品,同時銷毀所有剩餘調料。該公司除了向消費者公開道歉外,並表示將會追查相關供應商的責任。

根據大陸媒體報導,「涉紅」食物還有「魚籽醬」和「辣椒醬」等相關食品。北京食品安全部門一度檢驗出亨氏美味源(廣州)食品公司生產的辣椒醬中含「蘇丹紅一號」成分。

毒米鎮江醋 蘇丹紅鴨蛋

中國「鎮江醋」聞名於世已有百年歷史,但近年不斷有消費者反映鎮江醋的品質大不如前,甚至發出苦澀怪味。結果據中央電視台報導,官方追查發現,有不肖商人為了降低成本,竟以發霉變質的大米釀醋。同時為了掩飾陳米的腐味,並減少釀造時間,再混入水及國家明文禁止使用的工業冰醋酸製作而成,然後裝入回收但未消毒的舊醋瓶中。

專家指出,由於變質大米及工業冰醋酸都含有危害人體的物質,長期食用會使人致癌。中國國家質量檢驗總局調查員在鎮江調查三個月後發現,發出苦澀怪味的鎮江醋,大多集中在鎮江市及所屬的丹陽、句容等縣市,包括恆露、恆漢、恆穗、丹玉、江南等醋廠。調查人員發現,這些醋廠的工人並不是用國家規定的優質糯米來釀造鎮江香醋,而是用廉價的發霉變質工業用大米,每年這些工廠使用這種大米高達幾千公噸。

那麼,在美國華人超市貨架上的同類產品有沒有問題?

紐約大中華超市集團總裁張利惠指出,從中國進口美國的食品通常要「過兩關」,一道是要經過中國國家商品質量檢驗局檢查;另一道是美國食品及藥物管理局。經過中美這道關卡把關,食品安全問題應可放心無憂。大中華超市近年在美國崛起,業務發展迅速,開始在大陸直接加工生產一些乾貨。張利惠回大陸考察業務,參觀食品加工廠時,都要換上廠方特備的衣服鞋子,他認為由此反映大陸已開始重視食物衛生問題。

張利惠強調,如果華人超市出售的食品有問題,即使逃過大陸商品檢驗局的檢查,也過不了美國FDA這一關。因為一旦發現問題,其損失難以估量。

紐約法拉盛萬興隆超市創辦人陳善東對近來大陸市面發生多宗馳名食品如龍口粉絲、鎮江香醋等含毒事件表示不知情。他說就以出現問題的紅心鴨蛋來說,最近很長一段時間,超市都「進不到貨」,但原因不詳,他還以為是暫時「缺貨」的原因。他說經常有FDA和衛生署人員到店裡突擊抽查食物,並會帶走樣本,所以超市業者一般不會隨便購入「水貨」,多是向一些信譽良好的代理經銷商進貨,即使出現問題,責任主要由供應商負責。

對於大陸有人用洗衣粉炸油條的「新聞」,他有點吃驚地說:「洗衣粉怎麼能做油條?這也不能吃,那也不能吃,我們還有什麼東西可以吃的?」

紐約老字號的金山超市經理閻國珍表示,該超市在進貨方面一向非常注意質量問題,堅持不購「水貨」,因為相對來說,「水貨」雖然來價便宜,但由於「來源不明」,寧可不要。他們的貨源主要來自信譽可靠的經銷商,客人很多是忠心耿耿的老顧客,他相信該超市出售的同類食品都不會有問題。

前段時間在華人超市貨架上到處都可看到的紅心鴨蛋,不是已經下架,就是變成熟鹹蛋。對此業者說法不一,有人表示是因為自從爆發禽流感後,FDA對蛋類加工食品要求趨嚴,不准再出售生鴨蛋;也有人表示「多一事不如少一事」,他們接到許多顧客的查詢,擔心華人超市的紅心鴨蛋與大陸的「毒蛋」是同一貨色。既然消費者有顧慮,不如暫時「避嫌」停止進貨。

一位不願具名的華人超市資深主管指出,即使美國有很好的食物衛生安全檢查制度,但FA不可能抽查全部貨物,某個老牌子如果已建立一定聲譽,抽查的機會相對就少得多。就以出現問題的鎮江香醋來說,FDA不可能對所有的醋都開瓶檢查,所以消費者還是要「擦亮眼睛,自求多福」。尤其回大陸時不要貪圖一時口腹之慾吃進含毒食物 。

墨汁黑木耳 福馬林海參

黑木耳是華人喜愛的「健康食品」之一。大陸媒體揭發,大陸一些乾貨市場出售一種「毒木耳」。一些無良小販把一些壞木耳經過修剪整形後,加入白糖、澱粉和對人體有害的墨汁、硫酸銅、硫酸鎂、水泥等調成的「配料」,再進行浸泡處理,使之搖身變成「優質貨」,再摻進質量好的黑木耳混在一起發售。消息曝光後,大陸衛生部門對一些用硫酸鎂浸泡的黑木耳乾用水浸泡並反覆清洗後,仍檢出含硫酸鎂。

另外,廣州市衛生局今年春節期間對食品市場進行抽檢發現,有七種瓜子含礦物油,其中包括「徐福記」等知名品牌產品。吃了有毒瓜子後,會出現嘴唇發麻、喉嚨癢、乾咳、腹瀉等症狀。「毒瓜子」主要是加入明礬、工業鹽、滑石粉、工業石蠟等有害物質,添加這些物質後瓜子不易受潮變軟,外觀看上去又黑又油亮。

紐約法拉盛參茸店經理徐蘇珊表示,雖然店中出售的瓜子、黑木耳、腐竹等乾貨來自中國大陸,但都是從信譽可靠的經銷商進貨,質量較有保障,消費者應可「食無憂」。

徐經理說,她也聽聞大陸「毒木耳」事件。記得她初抵紐約,還未進入參茸店工作時,在曼哈坦華埠買了一包黑木耳,無論怎麼浸泡換水,「整盆水都是墨黑的」,後來看到相關報導,才恍然大悟,「原來裡面有墨汁!」

來自福建福州的高先生說,從前他在老家長樂時,耳聞目睹村人生產黑木耳時,多用硫黃將木耳燻兩三個小時,這樣顏色會白一些,賣相較佳。村民還習慣將蘑菇用福馬林來消毒,他相信此舉不是「故意害人」,而是出自「無知」,因為這是「傳統秘方」,經過這樣的加工程序,貨品可以貯存久一些,不易變壞,而且顏色變白,賣相較佳。至於現在在大陸市場上流通的「毒木耳」,如此加工方法真是匪夷所思。

高先生去年回大陸探親訪友,一位靠經營海參發跡的老朋友請他吃飯,表示自己從來不吃海參,並囑他在中國用餐時不要吃海參。因為大陸許多養殖海參的業者為了追求利潤,違規用火鹼、福馬林發泡海參。在大陸市面上看到發泡好的保鮮鹽漬海參,不僅體態豐滿個頭大,而且顏色又黑又亮。這些保鮮海參價格不菲,卻是使用火鹼和福馬林來發泡的,分量加重,一斤海參經過這樣處理後,可以「發」成五斤重。

福馬林最常見是用於屍體防腐,食用後對人體有害,為什麼業者不用清水來發泡海參呢?業者透露,用水來泡需時較長,用氫氧化鈉、福馬林浸泡,速度大大加快。只要一兩天,海參就可以「發」好,「發」過的海參等食品,胖胖的,顏色鮮亮,有賣相。特別是一些本身已變質的海參、蹄筋等,通過氫氧化鈉浸泡可以「脫胎換骨」。經過這種手段浸泡後的海參,口味變差,有些還有異味。由於氫氧化鈉、福馬林具有強腐蝕性,對人體十分有害。

高先生經老友如此「爆內幕」,本來從前最愛吃「蝦子烏參」的,如今嚇得在美國中餐館也不敢點這道菜了。「誰知道此間的海參原材料是否來自中國大陸?」

海參經營者還「忠告」高先生,近年在市場售價越來越便宜的大陸產鰻魚,最好少吃為佳,養殖漁場普遍使用孔雀石綠消毒,並用抗生素加速其生長。

高先生相信這位業者是言出有據的。據中國新聞社報導,香港食環署早前從各大型超級市場和食肆中抽取由大陸供應的27個活鰻魚和急凍鰻魚製品樣本,在21個檢驗樣本中,發現18個含有孔雀石綠。

不但海參是用福馬林浸泡,原來鹹魚也是。今年春節回廣東老家探親的蔣太太表示,老家特產鹹魚,「鹹魚雞粒炒飯」、「鹹魚蒸肉餅」等是她最愛吃的廣東菜,「這裡面有我童年的記憶」。沒想到這次回鄉,正當她吃鹹魚佐白粥吃得津津有味時,一位有親人經營鹹魚生意的老同學警告她,現在鹹魚的生產方法今非昔比,為了保存時間較久,都是用福馬林浸泡過的,他們全家都不敢吃自己做的鹹魚。

在紐約法拉盛有17年歷史的人人江浙海鮮餐館,其招牌菜之一就是「蝦子大烏參」及「紅燒海參」。老闆何忠言表示,該餐館海參產自墨西哥,質量算是海參類中最好的一種。從前成本是15元一磅,現在已急漲到每磅75元,每次店裡進貨大約都要好幾千元。一客「蝦子大烏參」價格大約22元,約需兩條海參的用料,光成本就要十七、八元,「幾乎無利可圖,目前只是為了照顧一些老客人的胃口才繼續供應,因為還有一些存貨,否則其實是賠本生意。」何忠言說。

但是,由於墨西哥近來為了保護海洋生態,已禁止捕捉海參,何忠言估計未來老饗即使願意花錢一飽口福,可能也未必吃得到。「因為中國人、韓國人把海參都吃光了。」

油條酥脆大 秘方洗衣粉

油條一向是中國傳統的大眾化早點,不但價格低廉,而且香脆可口,老少咸宜。大概在華人世界裡,很少人一輩子都沒吃過油條。許多華人來美後仍然保持對油條的熱愛,如果早餐時能吃一碗白粥,佐以兩根油條,真是一天都身心舒泰。可是,在中國廣州、杭州及河南等地,有食販自爆內幕,從而揭發大陸不少食販製作的油條之所以「酥脆大」,秘方是用洗衣粉發酵麵糰而成,這樣的油條光鮮蓬鬆,顯得好看。乍聽到這樣的消息,直覺反應是「不可思議」,但這可是經央視等官方媒體報導的千真萬確的新聞。

廣東省衛生監督機構最近一次衛生監督抽檢顯示,油條的合格率僅為5%。不合格的原因主要是鋁含量超標嚴重,因為商家以疏鬆劑硫酸鋁鉀(即明礬)代替傳統的自然發酵法。做油條除了存在明礬濫用等情況外,最可怕的那些脹膨膨、油亮亮的油條竟是洗衣粉發酵的,同時,還存在劣質油反覆使用、生產環境衛生惡劣等情況,有的無良小販甚至「一鍋油反覆用三年」。

自紐約到北京經商的蔣先生說,油條、粉絲、豆腐等都是他的最愛,但現在什麼食物似乎都潛伏著「定時炸彈」,叫人如何吃得安心。

紐約中餐館大都採用自然發酵方法製作油條。法拉盛人人餐館老闆何忠言說,每天早上該餐館都供應燒餅、油條,用洗衣粉做油條真是聞所未聞。人人餐館的油條,麵粉發酵通常要用傳統方式自然發酵三天,非常費功夫,否則效果不會理想,但這本來就是「慢工出細貨」的活兒,急也急不來。

炸油條的方法是將發酵粉 (backpulver)、臭粉(am-monina)及鹽、小蘇打放入盆中,使其全部溶解;加入麵粉,用手攪拌均勻,使勁揉至「三光「 (即麵光、盆光、手光),如此反覆多次至麵團皮光滑潤。總而言之,油條能否炸好的關鍵是:下料比例要合適,麵要和勻和透,吸水量要準確等,油條才能炸得又鬆又脆,裡嫩外脆。

何忠言說,人人餐館每天早點都要供應四、五百條油條,很多客人都指明要剛出油鍋、最好還在滴油的油條,這樣的油條味道鮮美,香脆可口。但炸過食物的油要經常更換,不能反覆使用「回鍋油」,否則原先的不飽和脂肪酸會產生聚合現象,產生有毒物質。長期食用會導致發育遲緩、肝功能不正常,嚴重的甚至導致癌症及影響生殖能力。

(來源:世界周刊日期:2007/04/15)

Thursday, July 26, 2007

五分一荷蘭豬肉含抗藥性金黃葡萄球菌

五分一荷蘭豬肉(2007年6月26日)
含抗藥性金黃葡萄球菌
Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

【明報專訊】英國《每日電訊報》報道,荷蘭豬肉產品被發現有多達五分之一含有抗藥性金黃葡萄球菌(MRSA),近半荷蘭豬農亦是帶菌者。當地環保組織關注農夫濫用抗生素為豬治療或預防疾病,可能是導致MRSA充斥豬群的原因,擔心MRSA這種超級惡菌可能隨肉類製品進入當地超市及影響市民。

British "Daily Telegraph" reported that Dutch pork products have been found to contain as many as one-fifth of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Nearly half of the Dutch pig farmers also are carriers. Local environmental organizations concerned about the abuse of antibiotics as a farmer pig treatment, or prevention of disease, MRSA is likely to lead to the full Pig, MRSA super worried about this evil bacteria might as meat products into the local supermarkets and its impact on the public.

MRSA近年在歐洲備受關注,雖然近期在荷蘭、丹麥、比利時及德國等國的肉類發現的MRSA屬另一品種,但環保組織Soil Association憂慮它同樣有傳染力及可以奪命,因為這種MRSA細菌,同樣對治療MRSA常用的四環素類抗生素有抗藥性。

事件並揭露英國食物標準局(FSA)檢查入口肉類疑有監管漏洞,現時該局只會測試入口牛肉是否含MRSA,但MRSA在牛身上很罕見,而當局對其他更可能含MRSA的入口肉類,反而沒有做MRSA細菌測試。

英國食物標準局則回應稱,正密切留意情,但認為只要消費者依當局建議煮熟肉類才吃,即可用高溫殺死MRSA細菌,消除危險。

British Food Standards Agency responded by saying, is closely monitoring the situation . But as long as consumers according to the proposed cook meat before eating, can be killed under high temperature MRSA bacteria, the removal of danger.

本港食環署發言人回應稱,本港一直有從荷蘭進口冷藏豬肉,去年全年便有5300公噸,署方對荷蘭豬肉可能有MRSA表示關注,稍後將向當地有關方面了解情。目前,本港恆常的微生物測試,亦不包括豬肉。不過,發言人強調,豬肉只要煮至熟透,進食是安全的,而市民在處理生豬肉時,亦應戴手套,以防感染。

食肆魚缸水不驗抗生素

食肆魚缸水不驗抗生素(2007年7月3日)

【明報專訊】對於海產是否含有抗生素,食環署目前有抽驗,測試海產是否有藥物殘餘,不過,對於食肆的魚缸水,食環署目前只檢查水中的大腸桿菌含量有否超標,完全無規管抗生素含量。

去年18食物樣本含抗生素

食環署發言人表示,食物安全中心去年在市面抽取3570個樣本作藥物殘餘測試,其中包括抗生素,當中有18個樣本含硝基喃類、氯霉素等殘餘抗生素,樣本包括象拔蚌、淡水魚和海魚。中心已經跟進,向出售有關食物的人作出警告及追查來源。

對於各種抗生素的每日可攝取量及安全劑量,發言人指出,食物安全中心會參考國際機構如世界衛生組織的建議及指引,這些機構的專家委員會定時就食物內含的抗生素進行安全評估,並訂定人體可攝取的安全劑量供參考。

環署﹕若證實有害 考慮監察

環保署發言人表示,該署設有恆常監察機制,化驗海水中60種污染物及化學物質濃度,亦會針對一些持續性有機污染物如滴滴涕(DDT)、多氯聯苯(PCBs)及多環芳烴(PAHs)及重金屬等物質,抽取河水及海水樣本作毒性化驗。若科學界證實海水中的抗生素對海洋生態構成不良影響,該署會考慮將抗生素納入監察機制。

蘇丹紅可致癌 禁食用

蘇丹紅可致癌 禁食用(2007年5月23日)

【明報專訊】蘇丹紅是人造化學染色料,可用作碳氫溶劑、油、蠟和塑膠等物質的染色料,但因其潛在致癌風險,故禁止用作食物染料。1975年國際癌症研究機構對蘇丹紅作出評估,發現在小鼠皮下注射蘇丹紅1號後,小鼠的肝臟出現癌症腫瘤;把蘇丹紅1號植入小鼠的膀胱,小鼠的膀胱亦出現癌症腫瘤。

Sudan is a man-made chemical dye that can be used as a hydrocarbon solvent, oil, wax and plastic, the coloring material, But because of the potential carcinogenic risk, it prohibited as food dye. In 1975, the International Agency for Research on Cancer of Sudan assessment, and found that in mice subcutaneously Sudan on the 1st, mouse liver cancer tumors arise; put Sudan on the 1st of bladder implantation in mice, the mice also appeared bladder cancer tumors.

國際癌症研究機構其後於87年再就蘇丹紅會否令人類患癌作評估,但未發現足夠數據,故把蘇丹紅1號至4號,列為未能分類物質。但近年蘇丹紅的基因毒性令人關注,一些國家組織及食物安全機構認為蘇丹紅是基因致癌物質,另一些組織或機構則把蘇丹紅視為可能致癌物質。

資料來源﹕食物安全中心

Friday, July 20, 2007

美婦飲甘筍汁染肉毒菌癱瘓

美婦飲甘筍汁染肉毒菌癱瘓(2006年10月4日)
Bolthouse Farms生產 百佳即時停售

本報昨晚在百佳超市奧海城的分店,發現其中一種懷疑與美國近期幾宗肉毒桿菌病例有關、要回收的Bolthouse Farms 100%紅蘿蔔汁,並儲存於開放式的冷凍架內,百佳表示已即時收起該產品。(梁啟綸攝)

【明報專訊】美國有4人懷疑飲了由Bolthouse Farms生產的紅蘿蔔汁/甘筍汁後,先後出現肉毒桿菌中毒,其中一人更因此癱瘓﹔美國及加拿大都先後發出警告,提醒市民勿飲用該3款紅蘿蔔汁,其中一款在香港百佳超級市場有售,港府食物安全中心籲市民停止飲用,百佳表示已收起有關產品。

食物安全中心昨晚呼籲,市民應暫停飲用標示「保質期至NOV 11 2006」或更前日子批次的450毫升或1公升膠樽裝飲品「Bolthouse Farms甘筍汁」,並呼籲市民檢視果汁的標籤及所述儲存方法,如有需要應把飲品保持冷藏﹔該中心會繼續監察,並聯絡美國有關當局索取更多資料。澳門衛生局亦呼籲市民勿飲該產品。

美佛州4人染菌

美國佛羅里達州近期發生4宗肉毒桿菌病例,患者懷疑曾飲用上述產品,其中一名女子更因此癱瘓,初步相信是患者未有妥善儲存飲品。美國食品及藥物管理局(FDA)及加拿大食品檢查處分別提醒市民,即使飲品沒出現異樣,也切勿飲用上述產品,Bolthouse Farms亦宣布,為安全理由自願回收產品。

FDA指出,若紅蘿蔔汁沒妥善冷藏,內裏的肉毒梭菌便會滋長及產生神經毒氣,患者初期會出現嘔吐、暈眩、重影、眼皮下垂、變聲、說話和吞嚥困難等,嚴重者頸以下身體會癱瘓,甚至窒息死亡。

欠冷藏產毒氣可致命

除上述本港有售的甘筍汁外,另兩款美國要回收的產品分別是Earthbound Farm Organic Carrot Juice及President's Choice Organics 100% Pure Carrot Juice。

百佳表示將回收有關產品。本報記者昨晚在百佳超市奧海城分店,看到冷櫃中仍有被要求回收的「Bolthouse Farms甘筍汁」,批號為「保質期至OCT 19 2006」。

全民健康動力主席勞永樂醫生表示,肉毒桿菌常見於泥土內,由於鮮紅蘿蔔汁在處理過程為免蛋白質凝固,只會用低溫消毒,不能消滅肉毒桿菌孢子,而密封包裝適合該菌生長,若沒有適當冷藏,便會產生神經毒氣,飲用後嚴重者可致命。他補充,即使其他鮮果汁也同樣有這一危機。

蘇丹紅化學染料禁食用

蘇丹紅化學染料 禁食用(2006年11月13日)

【明報專訊】蘇丹紅屬工業用染料,國際上有研究指該物質會令人類致癌,香港、中國內地和歐盟等地區亦禁止使用蘇丹紅作為食物染色料。但內地質檢部門多次發現有食品加工工場非法在辣椒油、辣椒粉等調味劑加入蘇丹紅,使產品更鮮色,嚴重損害市民健康。

去年初,內地質檢部門揭發廣州一間食品公司所出售的辣椒油含有致癌物質蘇丹紅一號,迅即引起全國關注,其後湖南、廣州等地陸續出現多種辣味食品和添加劑含蘇丹紅,當中一款辣椒醬產品曾輸入本港,須由食環署跟進追查貨源。後來內地公安追查事件,並將2名食品公司高層分別判監10年和15年。

蘇丹紅是一種化學染色料,按不同化學結構分為1至4號,一般用作油、蠟和塑膠等物質的染色料。 蘇丹紅2號和3號可用於化妝品及外敷藥物,蘇丹紅4號則用於促進動物和人類傷口癒合的藥膏。聯合國糧食及農業組織和世界衛生組織,早於1973年,已認為在食物中使用蘇丹紅一號並不安全,並有證實顯示蘇丹紅會令實驗動物患癌,但令人類患癌的風險則未有定論。

美國菠菜恢復輸港

美國菠菜恢復輸港(2006年10月26日)

【明報專訊】食物安全中心昨表示,美國食物及藥物管理局已確定,較早前與大腸桿菌O157感染事件有關的菜田,已停止出產新鮮食用農作物。另一方面,美國袋裝菠菜現已恢復供港,最佳食用日期為2006年10月2日或以後。

食物安全中心已抽取兩個美國菠菜樣本測試,結果全部沒發現大腸桿菌O157。中心已將最新情通知業界,並繼續監察美國新鮮菠菜的食用安全。食物安全中心建議,市民應在食用生菜和捲心菜等前先摘掉外葉,浸在清水中清洗。

孔雀石綠須零容忍

食物孔雀石綠須零容忍(2006年11月29日)

【明報專訊】本港的《食物內有害物質規例》列明,所有食物被驗出孔雀石綠及無色孔雀石綠之和,必須是每公斤食物含0微克,即採取「零容忍」態度。中大醫學院食物及藥品安全研究中心主任陳恩強解釋,科學上的定義是「以最先進的科技也檢測不到」,近日部分樣本的孔雀石綠含量雖近乎零(例如百萬分之0.0067、0.06),但也不符合標準。他認為,兩地應使用國際認可的實驗室化驗,便可統一標準。

陳恩強指出,使用孔雀石綠治療魚類,該物質會被魚類的組織吸收和進行新陳代謝,產生代謝物「無色孔雀石綠」,他估計近日被驗出含有孔雀石綠的樣本大多是含有無色孔雀石綠。不過,根據動物實驗,不論是孔雀石綠或無色孔雀石綠,兩者致癌風險相若。

有色無色同樣致癌

他續稱,若該種魚類含有較多脂肪、沒有魚鱗,例如鰻魚,便較易吸收孔雀石綠。但近日被驗出含有孔雀石綠的以有鱗的淡水魚為主,而含量極低,估計有關魚類並非被人直接餵飼孔雀石綠,而是養殖場曾使用孔雀石綠,其後換水養殖新魚時,沒有徹底換水及清理河泥土,致殘餘的孔雀石綠被新魚吸收。

中文大學生化系副教授何永成則指出,食物中存在孔雀石綠的含量可以參考食水準則。 他說不少致癌物屬於環境污染物,即本身存在於環境中,故某些致癌物如甲醇、苯等可存在於食水中,但設有一個極微量的容忍標準,認為孔雀石綠亦可參考

劣質假翅漂白出售

山東劣質假翅 漂白仿真出售(2006年11月27日)

乾翅由於呈魚鰭狀,較難假冒,因此選購乾翅會較安全。(資料圖片)

【明報專訊】魚翅是港人在宴會中不可或缺的佳餚,山東濟南市的食物安全當局發現,當地有不法商人以工業用明膠製造散翅,又以甲醛浸泡散翅、蹄筋等食品進行防腐,再加入火和工業鹽酸,令產品色澤更鮮亮和「重秤」;香港魚翅業界指出香港的魚翅主要來自東南亞和美國,並沒有來自山東的魚翅。

工業明膠造散翅

新華網報道,山東濟南市食品藥品安全協調委員會,今年1至10月,檢查了5.4萬多家食品生產商及食肆,發現4346宗違法行為,罰款272.2萬元,當中有不法商人以工業用明膠製造散翅,又以甲醛及其他化學物質浸泡散翅及蹄筋等食品,希望賣得更高價錢。

港貨源多自東南亞美國

香港餐飲聯業協會會長伍德良表示,本港魚翅主要由東南亞和美國進口,很少用假翅。「我們在街邊吃的碗仔翅,根本是粉絲,價錢較假翅更便宜,假翅在香港沒有市場,香港所謂的假翅,是齋翅、素翅,用魔芋粉造,在香港吃到假翅的機會很微。」

香港魚翅行商會主席趙禎祥補充,香港有小量進口內地魚翅,但都是來自福建夏門一帶,一定沒有山東翅。

中文大學生物化學系副教授陳竟明表示,甲醛在工業上用作清潔劑,亦有防腐效用,人類長期進食甲醛可致癌。他說,近年不斷揭發內地食物問題,顯示監管力度不足,內地有關部門如不整頓,問題只會不斷重演。

另外,濟南市質量技術監督局的執法人員亦巡查了該市歷下區姚家鎮八澗堡村內,多間生產涼皮及豆製品工場,發現非法生產窩點的工場,衛生條件極為惡劣,產品中添加獸用青黴素、獸用加硒腐殖酸鈉等非食品原料,並濫用消泡劑等添加劑,直接危害人體健康與生命。此外,個別乳製品廠在產品中添加國家明令禁止使用的甘氨酸和白色素,代替奶粉生產乳品飲料。當局表示,這些企業已被依法查處。

真假難辨 乾翅安全 工業明膠甲醛

真假難辨 乾翅安全(2006年11月27日)

【明報專訊】香港魚翅行商會主席趙禎祥表示,不法商人以工業用明膠製造散翅,或以甲醛將劣質散翅漂白,仿真度頗高,如在急凍及即食翅中混雜假貨,連業界也難以分辨;乾翅由於呈魚鰭狀,較難假冒,市民如有懷疑,選購乾翅會較安全。他說經烹調後的翅富光澤及有彈力,假翅則會「發大」及呈「喱」狀,但單憑外觀難以衡量是否經化學物質處理。

他強調,該會對業界有嚴格監管,魚翅入口後在儲存方式、溫度及製作程序上都有相關守則,如發現違規行為,會被處分,甚至取消會籍。本港業界在過去50年一直以這種形式進行規管。